Chap 7 : Environmental Impact of Aviation Flashcards
What are the 2 environmental impact of aviation ?
Noise & emissions
Describe noise measures PNLT, EPNLT, Leq and DNL
PNLT : Tone Corrected Perceived Noise Level -> reflète mieux la gêne ressentie
EPNL : Effective Perceived Noise Level (for a single event) -> prend en compte l’évolution du bruit => graphique
Leq : noise émission during 1 day (for multiple events)
DNL : Day-Night Level (for multiple envents)
What’s the noise level of a jet take-off ?
140dB
Where are positioning the micro for noise certifications ?
Approach
Sideline
Fly-over (take-off)
What are the source emissions during take-off and landing ?
Take-off : engine
Landing : aircraft structure/airframe
What’s the shape of the noise carpet ?
Plug
Given some noise restrictions at airports
Night curfews
Limitation of noise level
Quota régulations
Noise charges
What’s the AEDT software ?
Aviation Environment Design Tool
Calculate noise, fuel burn & emissions
1) Iterative process
2) Accumulation of single events
3) Evaluation of noise impact
What’s the emission index ? Unit ?
Quantity of a specific pollutant/kg of jet fuel burned [g/kg fuel]
What’s the consequences of NOx ?
At high altitudes -> destroy ozone
At low altitudes -> create ozone
How the global temperature changes ?
Radiation Forcing (RF=Radiation goes in from the sun - Radiation goes out from the earth
=> Global Warming Potential (taking into account the earth’s heat capacity)
=> Global Temperature Change Potential (estimation of émission quantities)
=> Global Temperature Change [K]
What are the consequences of water vapour effects ?
Sunlight diffusion by clouds due to aircrafts
Heat réflexion from earth is absorbed by clouds
What are the regulations take by some countries to ensure environmental protection ?
Emissions-depending landing fees in EU
CO2 emission fees
Environmental charges/passengers (in Netherlands)
Of how much the ICAO NOx standards decreased since 1985 ?
-80%
What you can say about the integration of the aviation in the EU-ETS (European Emissions Trading System) ?
Aviation has been integrated in 2012,
Only CO2-emissons are taking into account,
EU-ETS sells CO2 certificates = 1,5% of operating costs,
Only for european domestic flights
What are the 4 ways to reduce emissions ?
-Use sustainable aviation fuels
-Engine (reduce fuel consumption, alternative fuels, CC with low NOx production, optimization of the Brayton-Joule cycle)
-Aircraft design (improve aerodynamics and reduce drag, improve structure and reduce weight, improve configuration and reduce drag and weight)
-Operations (optimize air traffic management, low-emissions terminal procedures, low-emissions airport operations)
