Chap 7 Energy Flashcards
Define bioenergetics
It’s the study of how energy flows through organisms.
What is thermodynamics?
Study of energy transformation
What does the first law of thermodynamics state?
Energy of the universe is constant
What does the second law of thermodynamics state?
Energy transfer increases entropy (disorder/ randomness) of the universe
How these laws apply to living systems?
Energy is consumed and then released by living systems into the universe.
- What is energy?
It’s the capacity to cause change.
Which are the two different states of energy?
Potential and kinetic.
Provide examples of different types of energy
Heat, light.
What’s the definition of a calorie?
It’s energy in food.
What is kinetic energy?
Energy of motion is used, work is performed.
How potential energy is stored? Ex. within a glucose molecule
Potential energy is stored according to its position
- What are redox reactions and what do they involve? Any examples of redox reactions?
Oxidation (loss of electrons) and reduction (gain of electrons)
- What is free energy?
Energy that work when temperature and pressure are uniform
mathematical formula?
(m) mass, its height (h) and the acceleration due to gravity (g). Mathematically, this is E(p) = m. h. g.
Which is the state in which reactions are spontaneous? What is the energy level for these reactions?
Spontaneous processes occur without energy input; they can happen quickly or slowly.
iii. What is the difference between endergonic and exergonic reactions?
In an exergonic reaction, energy is released. In an endergonic reaction, energy is absorbed in the form of heat.
- What is activation energy?
Activation energy is the energy required to start a reaction.
How can activation energy be lowered?
A catalyst (enzime) lowers the activation energy.
Higher activation energy makes reactions proceed at a faster or slower rate?
It makes the reaction proceed at a slower rate.
- What is catalysis?
A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
Which is an example of catalyst?
An enzyme is a catalytic protein
- What is ATP?
ATP is a molecule that carries energy within cells.
What’s ATP’s composition?
Ribose, Adenine, 3 phosphate groups
How can ATP serve as an energy source for the cell?
When the ATP is broken down it releases energy for the body to use.
