Chap 7 Energy

Question 1

Define bioenergetics

Answer 1

It’s the study of how energy flows through organisms.

Question 2

What is thermodynamics?

Answer 2

Study of energy transformation

Question 3

What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

Answer 3

Energy of the universe is constant

Question 4

What does the second law of thermodynamics state?

Answer 4

Energy transfer increases entropy (disorder/ randomness) of the universe

Question 5

How these laws apply to living systems?

Answer 5

Energy is consumed and then released by living systems into the universe.

Question 6

3. What is energy?

Answer 6

It’s the capacity to cause change.

Question 7

Which are the two different states of energy?

Answer 7

Potential and kinetic.

Question 8

Provide examples of different types of energy

Answer 8

Heat, light.

Question 9

What’s the definition of a calorie?

Answer 9

It’s energy in food.

Question 10

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 10

Energy of motion is used, work is performed.

Question 11

How potential energy is stored? Ex. within a glucose molecule

Answer 11

Potential energy is stored according to its position

Question 12

4. What are redox reactions and what do they involve? Any examples of redox reactions?

Answer 12

Oxidation (loss of electrons) and reduction (gain of electrons)

Question 13

5. What is free energy?

Answer 13

Energy that work when temperature and pressure are uniform

Question 14

mathematical formula?

Answer 14

(m) mass, its height (h) and the acceleration due to gravity (g). Mathematically, this is E(p) = m. h. g.

Question 15

Which is the state in which reactions are spontaneous? What is the energy level for these reactions?

Answer 15

Spontaneous processes occur without energy input; they can happen quickly or slowly.

Question 16

iii. What is the difference between endergonic and exergonic reactions?

Answer 16

In an exergonic reaction, energy is released. In an endergonic reaction, energy is absorbed in the form of heat.

Question 17

6. What is activation energy?

Answer 17

Activation energy is the energy required to start a reaction.

Question 18

How can activation energy be lowered?

Answer 18

A catalyst (enzime) lowers the activation energy.

Question 19

Higher activation energy makes reactions proceed at a faster or slower rate?

Answer 19

It makes the reaction proceed at a slower rate.

Question 20

7. What is catalysis?

Answer 20

A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.

Question 21

Which is an example of catalyst?

Answer 21

An enzyme is a catalytic protein

Question 22

8. What is ATP?

Answer 22

ATP is a molecule that carries energy within cells.

Question 23

What’s ATP’s composition?

Answer 23

Ribose, Adenine, 3 phosphate groups

Question 24

How can ATP serve as an energy source for the cell?

Answer 24

When the ATP is broken down it releases energy for the body to use.

Question 25

What kind of reaction is the removal of phosphate groups from ATP?

Answer 25

It’s a process called phosphorylation

Question 26

How can ATP drive endergonic reactions?

Answer 26

Adding water

Question 27

Why ATP is not suitable for long term energy storage?

Answer 27

ATP can get hydrolysed in water. Having many ATP in the cell could also cause pressure.

Question 28

9. What is an enzyme?

Answer 28

Enzyme is a protein that will separate the substrate molecule into H2O and O2.

Question 29

What is the active site and what does precise fit means?

Answer 29

Active site is where the substrate will perfectly fit in order for the change happen.