Chap 7--Biologically Unique

Question 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Answer 1

The molecule of heredity, common to all life forms, that is passed from parents to offspring.

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

A single, large DNA molecule wrapped around proteins. (Blank) are located in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells.

Question 3

Nucleotides

Answer 3

The building blocks of DNA. Each consists of a sugar, phosphate group, and a base. The sequence (As, Ts, Cs, Gs) along a DNA strand is unique to each person.

Question 4

Double Helix

Answer 4

The spiral structure formed by two strands of DNA nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 5

DNA Profile

Answer 5

A visual representation of a person’s unique DNA sequence.

Question 6

DNA Replication

Answer 6

The natural process by which cells make an identical copy of a DNA molecule

Question 7

Complementary

Answer 7

Fitting together; two strands of DNA are said to be (this) in that A in two strands always pairs with T in the other strand, and G always pairs with C

Question 8

Helicase

Answer 8

An enzyme that unwinds and unzips the DNA double helix during DNA replication

Question 9

DNA Polymerase

Answer 9

An enzyme that “reads” the nucleotide sequence of a DNA strand and incorporates complementary nucleotides into a new strand during DNA replication

Question 10

Semi-Conservative

Answer 10

DNA replication is said to be (blank) because each newly made DNA molecule has one original DNA strand and one new DNA strand

Question 11

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer 11

A laboratory technique used to replicate, and thus amplify, a specific DNA segment

Question 12

Genome

Answer 12

One complete set of genetic instructions encoded in the DNA of an organism

Question 13

Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)

Answer 13

Sections of a chromosome in which short DNA sequences are repeated

Question 14

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 14

A Laboratory technique that separates fragments of DNA by size