Chap 7 Flashcards
divide from large arteries that deliver blood to capillaries
arteriole
vessel carrying blood from the heart to body parts
artery
both vertebral arteries merge to form this artery; courses upward along the pontine midline, and eventually joins Circle of Willis; have branches that supply blood to spinal cord, medulla, pons, midbrain, and cerebellum
basilar artery
terminal branches of arteries that supply blood to the brain
capillary
arterial circle at the base of the brain that forms a major anastomotic point by connecting the cartoid system with vertebrobasilar system
circle of willis
system formed by the internal carotid artery that supplies blood to the brain by dividing into the middle and anterior cerebral arteries
carotid system
vessel that transports circulated blood from the body to the heart
vein
smaller extensions of the venous system deep in the cortical substance; receive deoxygenated blood from the capillaries and transport it to larger veins on the cortical surface that, in turn, empty blood into the sinuses, which transport in back to the heart for reoxygenation
venules
vascular network serves the brainstem and occipital lobe
vertebrobasilar system
supplies blood to the medial surface of the frontal lobe and part of the parietal lobe, in addition to the anterior four-fifths of the corpus callosum
anterior cerebral artery
in the Circle of Willis; anterior cerebral arteries rostrally interconnected by this artery
anterior communicating artery
provision of an alternate blood flow via an anastomosis to a brain region that has lost its blood supply
collateral circulation
reduced supply or unavailability of blood for tissue oxygenation owing to hemorrhagic stroke, stenosis, or thrombosis; it affects brain functions by causing cellular death
ischemia
large intracranial vessel supplying blood to the entire lateral surface of the brain and parts of the basal ganglia structures
middle cerebral artery
one of the 3 cortical arteries originating from the circle of willis and supplying blood to the basal surface of the occipital and temporal lobes and the midsagittal surface of the occipital lobe
posterior cerebral artery
connect the internal carotid arteries with the basilar artery
posterior communicating artery
localized, balloon-like dilation of a blood vessel caused by a weakened arterial wall or congenital defect
aneurysm
condition of oxygen deficiency in brain tissue
anoxia
narrowing of arterial lumen owing to accumulation of lipids, fatty substances and cholesterol along intimal walls of blood vessels
arteriosclerosis/ atherosclerosis
interruption of the blood supply to brain tissue resulting in neurologic symptoms
cerebrovascular accident (CVA or stroke)
blocking of a smaller artery by a sclerotic tissue (embolus), which is detached from atherosclerotic plaque
embolism
discharging of blood from a ruptured artery
hemorrhage
high blood pressure; critical neurological condition; when heart compensates for the reduced blood flow by pumping blood with greater force
hypertension
formation of a localized clot that blocks the lumen of a blood vessel
thrombosis
temporary cerebral dysfunction caused by transient disruption of the blood supply to the brain; marked by transient neurological symptoms that clear within 30-60 min
transient ischemia attack (TIA)
drugs that are used to prevent the clotting of blood (Coumadin)
anticoagulant
structural property of the CNS vessels formed by the endothelial cells that restricts (impermeability) the passage of most substances (many harmful) to the brain
blood-brain barrier
chemical agents that dissolve blood clots and restore circulation; includes tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)
thrombolytic agent
drug used to restore blood circulation in acute cases of thromboembolic stroke by dissolving the atherosclerotic clot
tissue plasminogenactivanting agents (t-Pas)
increased diameter of a blood vessel, resulting in greater blood flow
vasodilator
?
vessel permeability
