chap 6 - cognition Flashcards
(23 cards)
what metaphor is being used to desc the brain?
computer
what are the components of thought?
- concepts
- imagery and cognitive maps
- thoughts and the brain
- intuition
- schemas
name and desc the 2 types of concepts
- artificial
2. natural
name the 3 keywords under “concepts”
- concept types
- concept hierachies
- culture, concepts and thoughts
what are the 3 scanning methods used under “thoughts and the brain” ?
PET
fMRI
MRI
what 3 conditions determine the accuracy of our intuition?
CTE
name 2 problem-solving strategies
- algorithms
2. heuristics
what are the 3 useful heuristic strategies?
BAB
- working backwards
- analogies
- break big prob to small ones
what are the 4 obstacles to problem-solving?
MFSO
- mental set
- functional fixedness
- self-imposed limitations
- other obstacles
what are the 7 types of bias?
CHARAT
- confirmation bias
- hindsight bias
- anchoring bias
- representative bias
- availability bias
- thyranny of choices
what produces extra-ordinary creativity?
KAP
- knowledge and understanding
- aptitude (nature)
- personality traits (nurture)
state the 2 measurements of intelligence and their definitions
- relative term
- defined in relation to the same abilities in a comparison group - hypothetical construct
- cannot be directly observed from behaviour BUT can be inferred
state the 4 features of Binet & Simon’s schools abilities test
- current performance NOT innate intelligence
- identify children who need special help
- training and opportunity
- based on observation NOT theory
desc the problems with IQ formula
- inconsistent concept of intelligence
- measure diff mental abilities for diff ages - gains in MA plateu causing IQ scores to decrease
desc the flynn effect
as society progress , IQ increase however may not be the case for LDC
which psychologist supported the use of english-based intelligence test to screen immigrants to US?
Goddard
how many % of the population is gifted?
2%
who studied gifted individuals, what was his conclusion and what myth did he prove wrong?
- Lewis Terman during 1921
- most gifted children generally grow up to be healthy and happy adults
- myth that being gifted leads to being weird
name the 2 causes of mental retardation
- genetics
2. FAS
what concepts supports “IQ as a general ability”?
(psychometric theories of intelligence)
(study define smartness)
- Spearman’s G factor
2. Catell’s fluid and crystallized intelligence
what concepts supports “IQ as multiple abilities”?
(cognitive theories of intelligence)
(life-skills smart)
- Sternberg’s triarchic theory (3)
2. Gardner’s multiple intelligence (8)
state the 3 types of intelligence in Sternberg’s triarchic theory
- practical int.
- analytical int.
- creative int.
define the self-fufilling prophecy
observations and behaviours that results primarily from expectations
