chap 6 - cognition

Question 1

what metaphor is being used to desc the brain?

Answer 1

computer

Question 2

what are the components of thought?

Answer 2

1. concepts
2. imagery and cognitive maps
3. thoughts and the brain
4. intuition
5. schemas

Question 3

name and desc the 2 types of concepts

Answer 3

1. artificial

2. natural

Question 4

name the 3 keywords under “concepts”

Answer 4

1. concept types
2. concept hierachies
3. culture, concepts and thoughts

Question 5

what are the 3 scanning methods used under “thoughts and the brain” ?

Answer 5

PET
fMRI
MRI

Question 6

what 3 conditions determine the accuracy of our intuition?

Answer 6

CTE

Question 7

name 2 problem-solving strategies

Answer 7

1. algorithms

2. heuristics

Question 8

what are the 3 useful heuristic strategies?

BAB

Answer 8

1. working backwards
2. analogies
3. break big prob to small ones

Question 9

what are the 4 obstacles to problem-solving?

MFSO

Answer 9

1. mental set
2. functional fixedness
3. self-imposed limitations
4. other obstacles

Question 10

what are the 7 types of bias?

CHARAT

Answer 10

1. confirmation bias
2. hindsight bias
3. anchoring bias
4. representative bias
5. availability bias
6. thyranny of choices

Question 11

what produces extra-ordinary creativity?

KAP

Answer 11

1. knowledge and understanding
2. aptitude (nature)
3. personality traits (nurture)

Question 12

state the 2 measurements of intelligence and their definitions

Answer 12

1. relative term
   - defined in relation to the same abilities in a comparison group
2. hypothetical construct
   - cannot be directly observed from behaviour BUT can be inferred

Question 13

state the 4 features of Binet & Simon’s schools abilities test

Answer 13

1. current performance NOT innate intelligence
2. identify children who need special help
3. training and opportunity
4. based on observation NOT theory

Question 14

desc the problems with IQ formula

Answer 14

1. inconsistent concept of intelligence
   - measure diff mental abilities for diff ages
2. gains in MA plateu causing IQ scores to decrease

Question 15

desc the flynn effect

Answer 15

as society progress , IQ increase however may not be the case for LDC

Question 16

which psychologist supported the use of english-based intelligence test to screen immigrants to US?

Answer 16

Goddard

Question 17

how many % of the population is gifted?

Answer 17

2%

Question 18

who studied gifted individuals, what was his conclusion and what myth did he prove wrong?

Answer 18

• Lewis Terman during 1921
• most gifted children generally grow up to be healthy and happy adults
• myth that being gifted leads to being weird

Question 19

name the 2 causes of mental retardation

Answer 19

1. genetics

2. FAS

Question 20

what concepts supports “IQ as a general ability”?
(psychometric theories of intelligence)
(study define smartness)

Answer 20

1. Spearman’s G factor

2. Catell’s fluid and crystallized intelligence

Question 21

what concepts supports “IQ as multiple abilities”?
(cognitive theories of intelligence)
(life-skills smart)

Answer 21

1. Sternberg’s triarchic theory (3)

2. Gardner’s multiple intelligence (8)

Question 22

state the 3 types of intelligence in Sternberg’s triarchic theory

Answer 22

1. practical int.
2. analytical int.
3. creative int.

Question 23

define the self-fufilling prophecy

Answer 23

observations and behaviours that results primarily from expectations