Chap 6 Flashcards
What enzyme digests lipids?
Lipase
What are the two products of lipid digestion?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What are the products of the hydrolysis of proteins?
amino acids
What is the pH of gastric juices? What enzyme is secreted in the stomach, and what does it digest?
1-3, pepsin, proteins
What does the graph of substrate concentration (x-axis) and reaction rate (y-axis) of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction look like? Explain what is happening as substrate concentration increases
In a metabolic pathway, what happens to the amount of products formed when you initially add more reactant? Does it remain constant, fluctuate, decrease or increase?
Explain the difference between the action of a competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibitor.
Where are lipids digested?
small intestine
What is the function of bile? Where is it made? Where in the digestive tract does it help in digestion?
produced in the liver bile is
Carbs are stored in the human body as what?
Amino acids from protein digestion are absorbed primarily from the?
What indicator detects sugar? What colour does it turn?
What indicator detects proteins? What colour does it turn?
What indicator detects starch? What colour does it turn?
What tests detect lipids? What are their indications for a positive?
List the digestive organs in order from mouth to anus
What are the functions of each organ?
What 2 substances play a role in lipid digestion?
What do the following enzymes digest, where are they produced and where do they function:
lipases, salivary amylases, pancreatic amylases, carbohydrases (sucrase, maltase, lactase)
pepsin, chymotrypsin, trypsin,
What pH do pepsinogen and pancreatin (a synthetic replacement used medically for people
who are lacking pancreatic enzymes) need for optimum functioning? What do we mean by an alkaline environment? An acidic environment?
How is pepsinogen converted to pepsin? Does it need an alkaline environment or an acidic
one? How do we get an acidic environment in the stomach?
How do we get an alkaline (basic) environment in the small intestine? What is the pH of the
small intestine?
HCl, about 1-3
The pancreatic enzymes digest______________, ________________, and _________________.
During digestion the macromolecules that we ingest are converted into their subunits. What are subunits that makeup carbohydrates: __________________________, proteins ___________________,lipids _________________ and __________________.
monosaccharides, amino acids, 3 fatty acids and a glycerol
Glycogen (the storage form of carbohydrates in animals) is made of_______________molecules.
thousands
Where is trypsin made?
pancreas
Which digestive organ helps maintain the body’s water balance?
Large intestine
TRUE OR FALSE: Most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine but alcohol and aspirin are absorbed in the stomach.
true
In fat (lipid) digestion, bile is produced in the_________________ is used to_____________________ fats.
Lipases which then hydrolyze fats to their subunits fatty acids and glycerol are primarily
produced in the____________________.
liver, emulsify, pancreas
What is hydrolysis? What is dehydration synthesis? Why are these important to understanding digestion?
hydrolysis is when water is added to separate a disaccharide. Dehydration synthesis is when water is taken out of two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide. To properly absorb the nutrients.
Why is alcohol absorbed into the bloodstream so much faster than nutrients from food?
Because it is absorbed in the stomach not the small intestine.
Describe the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates
Why would gallbladder attacks usually follow a large or fatty meal? Describe 2 processes
involved in the digestion of lipids (bile action and lipase action).
Describe 2 digestive illnesses. For each illness discuss
(a)the organ affected
(b) the normal function of that organ
(c) cause(s) of the illness
(d) symptoms
(e) treatment(s)
celiac, cirrhosis, Crohn’s, gallstones, ulcers etc.
