chap 5 language

Question 1

language

Answer 1

a system of communication through the use of speech; a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaninh

Question 2

language families

Answer 2

a collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor before recorded history

Question 3

language branch

Answer 3

a collection of languages related through a common language family that existed several thousand years ago

Question 4

language group

Answer 4

a collection of languages within a branch that shared a common orgin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary

Question 5

dialect

Answer 5

a regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation

Question 6

extinct languages

Answer 6

a language that was once used by people in daily activities butt is no longer used

Question 7

romance branch

Answer 7

evolved from latin spoken by the Romans 2,000 years ago
following the collapse of the Roman Empire they communicated with this
the Roman Empire spoke spanish, Portuguese, french, italian,and Romanian which are all spoken around the world today

Question 8

Balto-Slavic branch

Answer 8

Dominates Easter Europe 
Slavic-Once single language
7th ca migration-from Asia brought changes
Russian-most used
USSR- increased imp
Break-up led to others

Question 9

Indo-Iranian branch

Answer 9

Largest branch of Indo-European
India-one of the most culturally diverse(language)
1947 India(Ind)
18 official languages

Question 10

English Language:Facts

Answer 10

Spoken by 1/2 billion-2nd most to Mandarian
First spoken language:309-400 million
Second Language:199 million-1.4 billion
Widely distributed around the world
Off language in 50 countries
1/3 of the world live in a country= off lang

Question 11

Origin and Diffusion of English:

Answer 11

Diffusion- migration/conquest
17th ca N America-migration/conquest
18th ca Eng def France: F&I War(french and indian)
17th-19th ca- Eng dominates Europe,Asia,Africa

Question 12

English Dialects:

Answer 12

Regional variation:
	vocabulary,spelling,pronunciation
Factors
	Migration
	Isolation

Question 13

Multilingual States(5.7)(Belgium)

Answer 13

Belgium: divided country North/South
N:(flemings) Flemish
S:(Walloons) French
Difficulty with border which makes communication even harder
Tension between N/S
Had led to political and economic tension
Divided into 2 regions(regional & national gov’t)
Southern is more powerful while the Northern part gets pushed off to the side

Question 14

Multilingual States(5.7)(Switzerland)

Answer 14

Switzerland- decentralized gov't
Local power dictates language-
	much more peaceful
4 official languages
	German(65%)
	French(18%)
	Italian(10%)
	Romansh(1%)

Question 15

Multilingual States(5.7)(Nigeria)

Answer 15

Most populous country in Africa(162 million)
Many languages-
	493 distinct languages
	Only 3 widespread 45%
		Hausa
		Yoruba
		Igbo
Remaining 55% speak the other 490 languages