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Geography-Emer > Chap 5:Climates And Natural Regions > Flashcards

Chap 5:Climates And Natural Regions Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain how latitude influences a climate

A

The Distance North or south of the equator

In general, the higher the latitude, the colder it will be

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2
Q

Explain how distance from the sea or ocean influences a climate

A

Water in the sea absorbs heat very slowly in the summer and loses it slowly in the winter. Therefore, areas of land close to the water will be cooled in the summer and warmed in the winter and has a very small temperature range. Land absorbs heat quickly in the summer and loses it quickly in the winter so inland areas are warmer in the summer and cooler in the winter.

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3
Q

Factors that influence a climate

A

Latitude
Distance from the sea/ocean
Prevailing winds and air masses

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4
Q

Explain how prevailing winds and air masses influence a climate.

A

Winds can make and area colder, warmer,wetter or drier
Their influence will depend on the direction from which they come and whether they pass over wind or water. (Winds and air masses)

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5
Q

Northerly winds

A

Cold

Generally dry

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6
Q

Easterly winds

A

Warm in the summer
Cold in the winter
Usually dry

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7
Q

Southerly winds

A

Warm

Some rain

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8
Q

South-westerly winds

A

Cool in summer
Mild in winter
Rain bearing

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9
Q

What is a local climate?

A

The climate experienced by a small region

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10
Q

Factors which influence a local climate

A
  1. Aspect

2. Altitude

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11
Q

How does aspect affect a local climate?

A

Aspects refers to the different direction in which a slope is facing eg.North/South
In the northern hemisphere, south-facing slopes are warmer. why?
1.The sun shines directly on them
2.Warm,southerly winds blow against them
3.protected from cold northerly winds

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12
Q

Explain how altitude is a factor affecting local climate

A

Altitude refers to height above sea level
In general,the higher the altitude, the lower the temperature
The temperature drops 7°C every kilometer you go up.Why?
1.air is thinner and can hold less heat
2.Upland areas are more exposed to heat ‘wind chill factor’

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13
Q

What is a natural region?

A

An area of the word which has its own unique characteristics that make it different to other areas:
Climate,Natural Vegetation,Wildlife,Human activities

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14
Q

The 3 groups of world climates

A

Hot climates
Temperate climates
Cold climates

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15
Q

Climates in the group ‘hot climates’

A

Equatorial
Savanna
Hot desert

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16
Q

Climates in temperate climates

A

Cool temperate

Warm temperate

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17
Q

Climates in cold climates

A

Boreal

Tundra

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18
Q

Where are Hot climates found?

A

Near the equator, from 30°N to 30°S

19
Q

Explain Equatorial climate briefly

A 
Hot all year (28°C)
One season
Rain every afternoon
Rainfall of 2000mm/yr
Rainforest/Jungle
20
Q

Explain Savanna climate briefly

A 
Hot all year (25-35°.)
Two seasons
Wet in the summer
Dry in the winter
Scattered trees/grassland
21
Q

Explain Hot Desert climate briefly

A 
Day (30-50°C)
Night (5°C)
Rainfall is 100mm/yr
Long droughts
Followed by downpours of rain
22
Q

Why is difficult for plants and animals to survive in the desert?

A

Because of the lack of water

23
Q

Explain how the cactus have adapted to the hot desert

A

Thick bark prevents loss of moisture
Can store water inside of it
Roots spread a long distance to reach nearest available water
The needles protect it from wild animals

24
Q

Explain how the camel has adapted to the hot desert

A

Eyelashes to protect their eyes
Nostrils that can open and close
Thick skin on legs to protect from hot sand
Can store fat in humps for when food is scarce

25
Q

What is oasis?

A

A fertile area in a desert where water is found close to the surface

26
Q

Temperature in a cool temperate oceanic climate

A 
Warm summers (15-17°C)
Mild winters (4-6°C)
27
Q

Cool temperate oceanic climate rainfall

A

Rainfall throughout the year, mostly in winter

800-2000mm

28
Q

Cool temperate oceanic climate vegetation

A

Deciduous forest:oak,ash,elm,willow

Most are removed for farming, transport and settlement

29
Q

Warm temperate oceanic climate summer

A

Summer’s are hot and dry, 30°C. Dry and some drought

  • close to the equator, so the sun is high in the sky
  • cloudless skies allow long hours of sunshine
  • trade winds that blow over dry land masses
30
Q

Warm temperate oceanic climate is aka?

A

The medetaranian climate

31
Q

Warm temperate oceanic climate winter

A

Mild and moist , 4-6°C, 400-700 mm of rain

  • sun still high enough to give warm conditions
  • prevailing wind is south-westerly, blows from lower latitudes, so it is warm
  • winds from Atlantic Ocean bring moist air
  • Depressions form over the medetaranian sea
  • Rainfall in heavy showers
32
Q

Warm temperate oceanic climate vegetation

A

Evergreen woodland, trees include:the cork, oak, Cyprus and olive.

  • absorb and store moisture during winter
  • very thick bark and waxy leaves to prevent moisture loss
  • widely spaced to avoid competition for moisture
33
Q

Warm temperate oceanic climate human activity

A

Sheep and goats are the most common animals reared

  • overgrazing has damaged the scant vegetation and the soil has been exposed to erosion by sudden downpours of rain
  • fruit and vegetable farming takes place throughout the year
  • Irrigation schemes have been introduced to overcome the problems of summer drought
  • main crops are citrus fruits tomatoes and vines, others include; wheat, maize and sunflowers
34
Q

Warm temperate oceanic climate Tourism

A

Mainly in coastal areas eg. Costa del sol, riviera and Majorca. Brought;

  • Wealth and jobs (seasonal)
  • Pollution
  • Water shortages
  • Badly planned developments (eyesore)
35
Q

Tundra climate means

A

Without trees

36
Q

Tundra climate temperature

A

Summers: short and cool (rarely above 15°C)
Winters:long and cold as low as 35°C
Large temperature range

37
Q

Tundra climate precipitation

A

Form of snow, less than 250mm/yr

38
Q

Tundra climate natural vegetation

A

Little vegetation because of extreme cold

Main types are heather, mosses and lichens

39
Q

Tundra climate wildlife

A

Animals and birds during the summer, not in winter

40
Q

Boreal climate is found where?

A

America and Eurasia
55°N
Arctic circle

41
Q

Boreal climate temperate

A

Summer:Long days, 10-15°C
-Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun
-Long hours of sunshine allow absorbing of heat
Winter:Very cold,long nights, -25°C
-Northern hemisphere is tilted away from sun
-Sun is low in the sky, rays have to cover larger area give little heat

42
Q

Boreal climate precipitation

A

Low precipitation-400mm/yr

  • polar winds are too cold to hold much moisture
  • far from sea, so wind is dry
43
Q

Boreal climate natural vegetation

A

The taiga-evergreen coniferous forest

  • needles prevent moisture loss
  • the roots spread out widely to gather as much moisture as possible
  • the roots are shallow because thin layer of soil before permafrost
  • cone shape and branches point down for snow to slide off
  • thick bark retains moisture and gives protection from very cold winds.

Geography-Emer (1 decks)

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