chap 5 and 14

Question 1

Informative speaking

Answer 1

addressing others to increase their knowledge, understanding, or skills

Question 2

defining

Answer 2

providing the meaning of a word or concept.

Question 3

etymology

Answer 3

a term’s origin or history.

Question 4

synonyms

Answer 4

words that have the same meaning

Question 5

antonyms

Answer 5

words that have the opposite meaning.

Question 6

Describing

Answer 6

using words to depict or portray a person, a place, an object, or an experience

Question 7

Representation

Answer 7

describing something in terms of its physical or psychological attributes

Question 8

Narration

Answer 8

means describing a series of events in sequence.

Question 9

Explaining

Answer 9

revealing why something occurred or how something works.

Question 10

objective

Answer 10

based on facts rather than opinions.

Question 11

subjective

Answer 11

that is, biased toward a specific conclusion.

Question 12

Demonstrating

Answer 12

showing how to do something by doing it as you explain it.

Question 13

Information hunger

Answer 13

is the desire to learn.

Question 14

Types of examples: Specific illustrations

Answer 14

• Hypothetical examples: It could happen
• Real examples: It did happen
• Brief examples: Short and to the point
• Extended examples: Telling a story

Question 15

Using examples effectively: Choose carefully

Answer 15

• Use relevant examples: Stay on point
• Choose vivid examples: Create images
• Use representative examples: Reflect what is accurate
• Stack examples: When one is not enough

Question 16

Measures of central tendency: Determining what is typical

Answer 16

• Mean: Your average statistic
• Median: An in-the-center statistic
• Mode: Most frequent statistic

Question 17

How to use statistics: Beyond numbing numbers

Answer 17

• Use accurate statistics accurately: No distorting
• Make statistics concrete: Meaningful numbers
• Make statistical comparisons: Gaining perspective
• Stack statistics: Creating impact
• Use credible sources: Build believability

Question 18

Types of testimony: Relying on others

Answer 18

• Testimony of experts: Relying on those in the know
• Eyewitness testimony: You had to be there
• Testimony of non-experts: Ordinary folks adding color to events

Question 19

How to use testimony

Answer 19

• Quote or paraphrase accurately: Consider context

- Use qualified sources: Credibility matters

Question 20

General considerations across types

Answer 20

• Choose interesting supporting materials: Counteracting boredom
• Cite sources completely: No vague references
• Abbreviate source citations: Brief reference reminders
• Combine examples, stats, and quotes: The power of three