Chap 5-7 Flashcards
What is the principle of classical conditioning ?
If a neutral stimulus (NS) is followed closely in time by an unconditioned stimulus (US) that elicits a conditioned response (CR) , that neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus (CS) to elicit a conditioned response (CR)
What is a respondent behavior? Give an example
behaviors that are elicited by a stimulus that are not affected by their consequences and are involuntary. For example, the salivation of a dog
What are some unconditioned responses of the digestive system ?
Salivation, nausea when food is bad, or throwing up
What are some unconditioned responses of the circulatory system?
sweating, blushing or a sudden increase in heart rate
What are some of the factors that influence classical (respondent) conditioning ?
- Repetition
- Contiguity
- Frequency
- Strength of stimulus
- Intensity of stimulus
Describe the strength of stimulus vs the intensity of the stimulus
Strength: the stronger the neutral stimulus is amongst other neutral stimuli, the more likely it will be effective in eliciting a CR
Intensity: the CR will be more effective when the CS and US are intense rather than weak
What is higher order conditioning?
The procedure in which neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus rather than an unconditioned stimulus to elicit the same CR. The CR in the second or third order is usually much weaker.
What is extinction?
Presenting the conditioned stimulus repeatedly while withholding the unconditioned stimulus thus the CS gradually loses its ability to elicit the CR
What is counterconditioning?
Pairing a CS with a new incompatible CS to eliminate the prior CR generating a new CR.
What is a positive reinforcer
A reinforcer that is presented following a behavior that causes the behavior to increase in frequency
What is the premark principle?
If a behavior that has a high frequency of occurring (it is pleasurable) is made contingent on a behavior that is less likely to occur, the low frequency behavior will occur more often
What is the response deprivation model ?
To be a positive reinforcer, the behavior must simply occur below baseline (a behavior that the individual may be deprived from)
What is deprivation ?
The period of time in which an individual does not engage with a reinforcer
What is satiation ?
When the individual engages too frequently with the reinforcer that it becomes no longer reinforcing
What is a superstitious behavior?
A behavior that is increased due to the unplanned presentation of a non-contingent reinforcer following an undesirable behavior
