Chap 5-6 Flashcards
Persian war
between Greece and the Persian Empire, began in Ionia on the coast of Anatolia. Greeks lived there but Persian conquered
Phalanx
Army formation, became the most powerful, stood side by side each holding a spear in one hand and a shield in the other
Mycenaeans
Indo-Europeans migrated from the Eurasian steppes to Europe, India, and Southwest Asia. Some of the people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C. Leading country Mycenae
Trojan war
According to legend, a Greek army besieged and destroyed Troy because a Trojan prince
Homer
Blind story teller his epics(native poems)
Acropolis
citizens gathered to discuss city government marketplace
Polis
City-state
Oligarchy
government ruled by a few powerful people.
Democracy
Ruled by the people
Helot
Messenians, peasants stayed to work on the land they worked
Peloponnesian war
Athens had the stronger navy. Sparta had the stronger army, and its location inland meant that it could not easily be attacked by sea. Pericles’ strategy was to avoid land battles with the Spartan army and wait for an opportunity to strike Sparta and its allies from the sea.
Eventually, the Spartans marched into Athenian territory. They swept over the countryside, burning the Athenian food supply. P
Socrates
he believed that absolute standards did exist for truth and justice. However, he encourage Greeks to go farther and question themselves and their moral character
Plato
A student of Socrates wrote the republic-set forth his vision of a perfectly governed society. It was not a democracy. In his ideal society, all citizens would fall naturally into three groups: farmers and artisans, warriors, and the ruling class.
Aristotle
questioned the nature of the world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge.
Golden age
Athens experienced a growth in intellectual and artistic learning drama, sculpture, poetry, philosophy, architecture, and science all reached new height
Philip II
King of Macedonia , brilliant military leader and politician organized his troops into phalanxes, he used fast-moving cavalry,taking control of Greece and then moving against Persia to seize its vast wealth.
Alexander the Great
Son of Philip II young 20 years old promptly demonstrated that his military training had not been wasted. Believed in Aristotle teaching won and controlled Anatolia
Darius the III
Alexander won and gained control of Anatolia. Vowing to crush the invaders, he raised a
huge army of between 50,000 and 75,000 men to face the
Macedonians near Issus.
Hellenistic
Greek (also known as Hellenic) culture blended with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influ- ences. This blending became known as
Archimedes
He accurately estimated the value of pi (π)—the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. In addition, explained the law of the lever.
