Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Donai Exam: CH 5 > CHAP 5 > Flashcards

CHAP 5 Flashcards

1
Q

contains 2 major components: nucleus & cytoplasm; both maintain the viability of entire organ

A

Cell Body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

consists of protein molecules & watery substance enclosed within the cell membrane; contains organelles

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Efferent structures that transmit info away from the cell body to other neurons or target organs

A

Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Afferent, transmitting info to the cell body from other cells via synaptic sites; short with many branches

A

Dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Endoplasmic structures in neuronal cell bodies that participate in protein synthesis

A

Nissl bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Point of contact between two neurons where the neurotransmitter is released

A

Synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Small scavenger glia cells that digest and remove cellular debris from the CNS

A

Microglia Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neuroglial cells that support nerve cells and contribute to blood-brain barrier

A

Astrocyte Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glia cells that produce the myelin sheath around the axons in the CNS

A

Oligondendroglia Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

glia cells that form myelin around the axons in the PNS

A

Schwann Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

layer of connective tissue that wraps around axons in the PNS

A

Endoneurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

?

A

Perineurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

?

A

Epineurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Electrical impulse representing a transient fluctuation in membrane potentials, which are propagated along axonal process to activate postsynaptic terminals

A

Action potentials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

changes in membrane potentials in which the cellular interior changes from negative (resting potential) to positive

A

Depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Electrical resting state of a cell characterized by the polarity of ions inside and outside the cell

A

Polarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

increased internal negativity across a cell membrane causing changes in voltage

A

Hyperpolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how nerve cells communicate; represent all neuronal activity; activate the release of a neurotransmitter in a presynaptic neuron

A

Nerve Impulse

19
Q

impulses that activate the postsynaptic cell to generate an action potential

A

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials

20
Q

impulses that inhibit the capacity of a postsynaptic cell to generate an action potential

A

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials (IPSP)

21
Q

cellular changes marked by swelling, dissolution of cellular organelles (specifically Nissl bodies) and shifting of the nucleus from its central position to the periphery in response to unjury

A

Chromatolysis

22
Q

have 2 processes (dendrite & axon) one extending from each pole of the body; found in retina & inner ear

A

Bipolar Cell

23
Q

T-shape with one process extending from the body & dividing into an axon & dendrite away from the cell body; in spinal dorsal roots

A

Unipolar Cell

24
Q

neurons containing many dendrites and one axon; most cells in the CNS

A

Multipolar Cell

25
Q

subdivisons of the embryonic neural tube, each with a wall neuroectoderm and a cavity

A

Vesicles

26
Q

cellular state immediately following the action potential in which no other action potential can be initiated by the cell

A

Absolute refractive period

27
Q

constantly adjusts the distribution of sodium and potassium ions across the cellular membrane; transports sodium out of the cell & potassium into the cell

A

Sodium-potassium pump

28
Q

retrograde chromatolytic changes in the soma marked by disintegration of the granules of the Nissl bodies after damage to an axon

A

Axonal Reaction

29
Q

?

A

Axonal Sprouting

30
Q

have a long axon, ranging from inches to feet; many form sensory or motor tracts connecting cells across long distances

A

Golgi Type I Cells

31
Q

have short axonal process; such as interneurons that connect with other adjacent cells

A

Golgi Type II Cells

32
Q

the segment of myelin between 2 nodes

A

Internode

33
Q

path finders; contain sensory or motor inclination; navigate the directional axonal path by finding ways through the biological environment of enormous cellar density to connect with target neurons

A

Growth Cones

34
Q

The nerve cell is not generating action potential

A

Resting Potential

35
Q

organelle of the cellular cytoplasm enzymes providing the principle energy source for the cell

A

Mitochondria

36
Q

neurons that are not connected, weakly connected, or have redundant connections die for cortical maturation to occur

A

Neural Pruning

37
Q

Structural changes in a distal portion of an axon after it is sectioned and disconnected from the cell body as a result of an injury

A

Wallerian Degeneration

38
Q

Neurotransmitter released by cholinergic neurons and widely disturbed in body tissues; primarily regulates some brain activity and most of the muscular activity of the PNS

A

Acetylcholine

39
Q

Enzyme that breaks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetate, contributing to the termination of the postsynaptic current and signal; much of the choline released is recaptured by the presynaptic terminal

A

Acetylcholinesterase

40
Q

one of the inhibitory nerotransmitters secreted by neurons in the brainstem; increased & decreased secretion is associated with schizophrenia & Parkinsonism

A

Dopamine

41
Q

major inhibitory neurotransmitter for the CNS; small molecule neurotransmitter; a monoamine that derives from amino acids

A

Y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

42
Q

one of primary neurotransmitters in the PNS; released by the postganglionic sympathetic neurons; responsible for flight or flight reaction

A

norepinephrine

43
Q

important neurotransmitter of CNS; most of it found in blood platelets & gastrointestinal tract

A

Serotonin

Donai Exam: CH 5 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions