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Chap5 > Chap 5 > Flashcards

Chap 5 Flashcards

1
Q

a person’s awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment

A

Consciousness

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2
Q

state in which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized, and the person feels alert

A

Waking consciousness

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3
Q

state in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness

A

Altered state of consciousness

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4
Q

a cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a twenty-four-hour period

A

Circadian rhythm

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5
Q

circa”:

A

About

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6
Q

Dime

A

Day

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7
Q

tiny section of the brain that influences the glandular system

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

deep within the hypothalamus
§ the internal clock that tells people when to wake up and when to fall asleep

A
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9
Q
A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

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10
Q

tells the pineal gland to secrete melatonin

A

Hypothalamus

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11
Q

brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only a few seconds

A

Microsleeps

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12
Q

any significant loss of sleep

A

Sleep deprivation

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13
Q

theory of sleep proposing that animals and humans evolved sleep
patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active

A

Adaptive theory:

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14
Q

theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the
physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage

A

Restorative theory

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15
Q

stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly
under the eyelids and the person is typically experiencing a dream

A

Rapid eye movement (REM)

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16
Q

any of the stages of sleep that do not include REM

A

NREM (non-REM) sleep

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17
Q

allows scientists to see the brain wave activity as a person passes through the various stages of sleep and to determine what type of sleep the person has entered

A

Electroencephalograph

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18
Q

brain waves that indicate a state of relaxation or light sleep

A

alpha waves

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19
Q

brain waves indicating the early stages of sleep

A

theta waves:

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20
Q

long, slow waves that indicate the deepest stage of sleep

A

delta waves

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21
Q

hypnagogic images: hallucinations or vivid visual events
§ hypnic jerk: knees, legs, or whole body jerks

A

N1 (R&K Stage 1): light sleep

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22
Q

sleep spindles: brief bursts of activity only lasting a second or two

A

N2 (R&K Stage 2): sleep spindles

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23
Q

deepest stage of sleep: 50 percent or more of waves are delta waves
– body at lowest level of functioning – time at which growth occurs

A

N3 (R&K Stages 3 and 4): delta waves pronounced

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24
Q

If wakened during REM sleep, sleepers almost always report a dream.

A

REM sleep is paradoxical sleep

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25
Q

increased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep on earlier nights

A

REM rebound:

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26
Q

bad dreams occurring during REM sleep

A

Nightmares

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27
Q

mechanism that blocks the movement of the
voluntary muscles fails
– allows the person to thrash around, or even get up and act out nightmares

A

REM behavior disorder

28
Q

somnambulism)
– episode of moving around or walking around
in one’s sleep
– occurs in deep sleep
– more common among children than adults

A

Sleepwalking

29
Q

the person experiences extreme fear and
screams or runs around during deep sleep – doesn’t wake fully
– relatively rare disorder

A

Night terrors

30
Q

the inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep

A

Insomnia

31
Q

disorder in which the person stops breathing for nearly half a minute or more

A

Sleep apnea:

32
Q

sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning

A

Narcolepsy

33
Q

dreams as wish fulfillment

A

Freud

34
Q

dreams are created by the higher centers of the
cortex to explain the brain stem’s activation of cortical cells during REM sleep periods

A

Activation-synthesis hypothesis

35
Q

revised version of the activation-synthesis
explanation of dreams
– information that is accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams

A

Activation-information-mode model (AIM)

36
Q

state of consciousness in which the person is especially susceptible to suggestion

A

Hypnosis

37
Q

degree to which a person is a good hypnotic subject

A

Hypnotic susceptibility

38
Q

hypnosis works only in a person’s immediate
consciousness, while a hidden “observer” remained aware of all that was going on

A

Hypnosis as dissociation

39
Q

people who are hypnotized are not in an altered state, but are merely playing the role expected of them in the situation

A

Social-cognitive theory of hypnosis

40
Q

drugs that alter thinking, perception, and memory

A

Psychoactive drugs:

41
Q

more and more of the drug is
needed to achieve the same effect

A

tolerance

42
Q

physical symptoms resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body

A

withdrawal

43
Q

the feeling that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being

A

Psychological dependence

44
Q

drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system

A

Stimulants

45
Q

drugs that are synthesized (made in labs) rather than found in nature

A

amphetamines

46
Q

natural drug; produces euphoria, energy, power, and pleasure

A

cocaine

47
Q

active ingredient in tobacco

A

nicotine

48
Q

the stimulant found in coffee, tea, most sodas, chocolate, and even many over- the-counter drugs

A

caffeine

49
Q

drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system

A

Depressants

50
Q

depressant drugs that have a sedative effect

A

barbiturates

51
Q

drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress

A

benzodiazepines

52
Q

the “date rape” drug

A

Rohypnol

53
Q

the chemical resulting from fermentation or distillation of various kinds of vegetable matter
– often mistaken for a stimulant, alcohol is actually a CNS depressant

A

Alcohol

54
Q

opium-related drugs
– suppress the sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating the nervous system’s natural receptor sites for endorphins.

A

Narcotics

55
Q

substance made from the opium poppy and from which all narcotic drugs are derived

A

opium

56
Q

narcotic drug derived from opium; used to treat severe pain

A

morphine

57
Q

narcotic drug derived from opium that is extremely addictive

A

heroin

58
Q

drugs including hallucinogens and marijuana that produce hallucinations or increased feelings of relaxation and intoxication

A

Psychogenic Drugs

59
Q

drugs that cause false sensory messages, altering the perception of reality

A

hallucinogens

60
Q

powerful synthetic hallucinogen

A

LSD

61
Q

synthesized drug now used as an animal tranquilizer that can cause stimulant, depressant, narcotic, or hallucinogenic effects

A

PCP

62
Q

designer drug that can have
both stimulant and hallucinatory effects

A

Ecstasy

63
Q

drugs that produce a mixture of psychomotor stimulant and hallucinogenic effects

A

Stimulatory hallucinogenics:

64
Q

mild hallucinogen derived from the leaves and flowers of a particular type of hemp plant

A

marijuana

65
Q

hallucination that can occur just as a person is entering N1 sleep

A

Hypnogogic hallucination

66
Q

hallucination that happens just as a person is in the between-state of being in REM sleep (in which the voluntary muscles are paralyzed) and not yet fully awake

A

Hypnopompic hallucination:

Chap5 (1 decks)

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