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Radiographic Procedures > Chap 4 upper extremity > Flashcards

Chap 4 upper extremity Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of joints are in the hand

A

Diarthrodial (Have a joint capsule)

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2
Q

What type of joints are the 1st-5th MCP joints

A

Ellipsoidal (condyloid type)

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3
Q

What type of joints are the 2nd-5th CMC joints

A

Plane (gliding) type

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4
Q

What type of joint is the 1st CMC joint

A

Sellar (saddle) type

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5
Q

what type of joint are the 1st-5th IP joints

A

Ginglymus (hinge) type

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6
Q

what type of joint are the intercarpals

A

Plane (gliding) type

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7
Q

What type of joint is the elbow

A

Ginglymus (hinge) type

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8
Q

what type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint

A

Trochoidal (pivot) type

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9
Q

describe bone metastases

A

cancer that originated in bone, or has spread (metastasized) from a different origin

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10
Q

Where does a Bennet’s Fx occur

A

Base of 1st metacarpal

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11
Q

where does a Boxer’s Fx occur

A

Transverse Fx running through the neck of the 5th metacarpal

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12
Q

where does a Colles Fx occur

A

Distal radius which is displaced posteriorly

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13
Q

where does a Smith’s Fx occur

A

Transverse Fx of distal radius that is displaced anteriorly

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14
Q

Describe Osteoarthritis

A

degenerative joints and common with age

Cartilage degenerates and enlarged bone growth

Ex. Bone spurring (loss of joint capsule)

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15
Q

Describe Osteroporosis

A

Reduction in the quality of bone
(Poor bone quality, breakdown due to loss of bone density and lack of calcium)

Common in Postmenopausal women and the elderly

Fx may occur secondary to osteoporosis

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16
Q

What is Hand protocol projections

A

PA
PAO
Lateromedial “Fan lateral”

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17
Q

Tech Factors for PA Hand

A

IR 10x12
SFS
40” SID (44 on readout)
55-60 kV
2-3 mAs
CR @ 3rd MCP joint

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18
Q

Tech Factors for PAO Hand

A

IR 10x12
SFS
40” SID (44 on readout)
55-60 kV
2-3 mAs
CR @ 3rd MCP joint

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19
Q

Tech Factors for Lateromedial “fan lateral” Hand

A

IR 10x12
SFS
40” SID (44 on readout)
Increase kV by 5 from PA
3 mAs
CR @ 2nd MCP joint

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20
Q

What are the specialty orders for hand

A

Flexion and Extension Hand Laterals

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21
Q

What is the purpose of Flexion and Extension Hand laterals

A

Looking for foreign objects or fractures & anterior/posterior fracture displacement

*If glass or wood in hand, decrease tech factors
*If metal, no tech changes

22
Q

What is Digits 2-5 protocol projections

A

PA Hand

PAO of digit in question
(2-medial rotation, 3-5 lateral rotation)

Mediolateral (Digit 2) or Lateromedial (Digits 3-5)

23
Q

Tech Factors for PAO digit 2-5

A

IR 10x12
SFS
40” SID (44 on readout)
55-60 kV
2 mAs
CR @ PIP joint of digit in question

24
Q

Tech Factors for Mediolateral or Lateromedial Digit 2-5

A

IR 10x12
SFS
40” SID (44 on readout)
55-60 kV
2 mAs
CR @ PIP joint of digit in question

25
Q

What is Thumb protocol projections

A

PA Hand (gets oblique view)
Lateral
AP

26
Q

Tech Factors for lateral thumb

A

IR 10x12
SFS
40” SID (44 on readout)
55-60 kV
2-3 mAs
CR @ 1st MCP joint

27
Q

Tech Factors for AP thumb

A

IR 10x12
SFS
40” SID (44 on readout)
55-60 kV
2-3 mAs
CR @ 1st MCP joint

28
Q

Wrist protocol projections

A

PA
PAO
Lateromedial

29
Q

Tech Factors for PA wrist

A

IR 10x12
SFS
40” SID (44 on readout)
60 kV
3 mAs
CR @ mid carpals (bend of wrist)

30
Q

Tech Factors for PAO wrist

A

IR 10x12
SFS
40” SID (44 on readout)
60 kV
3 mAs
CR @ mid carpals (bend of wrist)

31
Q

Tech Factors for Lateromedial Wrist

A

IR 10x12
SFS
40” SID (44 on readout)
65 kV
3 mAs
CR @ mid carpals (bend of wrist on lateral surface)

32
Q

What are the specialty views for wrist

A

Radial and Ulnar Deviation

33
Q

What is radial deviation

A

1st digit flexed toward radius
(looking at carpals on ulnar side of wrist)

34
Q

What is ulnar deviation

A

AKA scaphoid view
5th digit flexed toward ulna
(see carpals (scaphoid) on radial side of wrist)
*more common bc scaphoid is most commonly fractured bone

35
Q

Forearm protocol projections

A

AP
Lateromedial

36
Q

Tech factors for AP forearm

A

IR 14x17 LW
SFS
40” SID (44 on readout)
60 kV
4 mAs
CR @ Mid Forearm (collimation includes wrist and elbow joints)

37
Q

Tech factors for Lateromedial Forearm

A

IR 14x17 LW
SFS
40” SID (44 on readout)
65 kV
4 mAs
CR @ Mid Forearm (Collimation includes wrist and elbow joints)

38
Q

Elbow Protocol Projections

A

AP

APO (45 degree Lateral/External rotation)

Lateromedial

39
Q

Tech factors for AP elbow

A

IR 10x12
SFS
40” SID (44 on readout)
60 kV
4-6 mAs
CR @ Mid Elbow Joint (elbow crease)

40
Q

Tech factors for APO elbow

A

IR 10x12
SFS
40” SID (44 on readout)
60 kV
4-6 mAs
CR @ Mid elbow joint (elbow crease)

41
Q

Tech factors for Lateromedial elbow

A

IR 10x12
SFS
40” SID (44 on readout)
65 kV
4 mAs
CR @ Mid elbow joint (elbow crease)

42
Q

What is the specialty view for elbow

A

APO with 45 degree medial/internal rotation

*replace the APO in routine protocol w/ this one if ordered

43
Q

What anatomy is in profile for the APO 45 degree Lateral/External rotation elbow

A

Capitulum

(Radial head, neck, and tuberosity should be free of ulnar superimposition)

44
Q

what anatomy is in profile for the APO 45 degree Medial/Internal rotation elbow

A

Coronoid process

(Radial head should be near centered over proximal ulna)

45
Q

What anatomy is in profile for the lateromedial elbow

A

Olecranon process

46
Q

Trauma elbow protocol

A

2 views 90 degrees from each other
-Do 2 AP projections
1. place humerus flat
2. place forearm flat

(may avoid oblique, so do lateromedial-may have to use horizontal beam)

47
Q

Non-Trauma humerus projection protocol

A

AP
Lateromedial (rotational lateral)

48
Q

Tech factors for AP Humerus No Grid

A

Part is <10cm so: Tabletop
IR 14x17 LW
SFS
40” SID (44 on readout)
65 kV
6-8 mAs
CR @ Mid shaft of humerus
(1/2 between elbow and shoulder, collimation must include elbow and shoulder joints)

49
Q

Tech Factors for Lateromedial (Rotational Lateral) Humerus No Grid

A

Part is <10cm so: Tabletop
IR 14x17 LW
SFS
40” SID (44 on readout)
65 kV
6-8 mAs
CR @ Mid shaft of humerus
(1/2 between elbow and shoulder, collimation must include elbow and shoulder joints)

50
Q

Tech factors for AP Humerus Grid

A

Part is >10cm so: Bucky/Grid
IR 14x17 LW
SFS
40” SID
70 kV
6-10 mAs
CR @ Mid shaft of humerus
(1/2 between elbow and shoulder, collimation must include elbow and shoulder joints)

51
Q

Tech factors for Lateromedial (rotational lateral) humerus Grid

A

Part is >10cm so: Bucky/Grid
IR 14x17 LW
SFS
40” SID
70 kV
6-10 mAs
CR @ Mid shaft of humerus
(1/2 between elbow and shoulder, collimation must include elbow and shoulder joints)

Radiographic Procedures (1 decks)

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