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Anatomy & Physiology > Chap 4 - Tissues > Flashcards

Chap 4 - Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

a group of cells with similar structure
and function, plus the extracellular substance
surrounding them.

A

Tissue

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2
Q

the study of tissues

A

Histology

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3
Q

a covering or lining tissue

A

Epithelial tissue

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4
Q

a diverse primary tissue type
that makes up part of every organ in the body

A

Connective tissue

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5
Q

a tissue that contracts or shortens,
making movement possible

A

Muscle tissue

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6
Q

responsible for coordinating and
controlling many body activities

A

Nervous tissue

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7
Q

consists of a single layer of
cells, with each cell extending from the
basement membrane to the free surface

A

SImple epithelium

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8
Q

consists of more than one
layer of cells, but only the basal layer attaches
the deepest layer to the basement membrane.

A

Stratified epithelium

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9
Q

a special type of simple epithelium, that appears
to be falsely stratified

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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10
Q

are flat or scalelike

A

Squamous cells

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11
Q

are cube-shaped—about as
wide as they are tall.

A

Cuboidal cells

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12
Q

tend to be taller than they are
wide.

A

Columnar cells

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13
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Some substances easily pass through this thin
layer of cells, but other substances do not.

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14
Q

is a single layer of cube-like cells that carry out active transport,
facilitated diffusion, or secretion.

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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15
Q

The large size of these cells enables them to
perform complex functions, such as secretion.

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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16
Q

epithelium that secretes mucus, which covers its free surface

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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17
Q

The outer layer of the skin is comprised of a?

A

Keratinized squamous epithelium

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18
Q

epithelium that provides protection against abrasion
and acts as a mechanical barrier.

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
epithelium

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19
Q

This epithelial type is relatively rare and is found
in sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicular cells, and
the salivary glands

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

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20
Q

is relatively rare, found in the
mammary gland ducts, the larynx, and a portion of
the male urethra.

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

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21
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

is a special type of
stratified epithelium that can be greatly
stretched.

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22
Q

Most epithelia have a ___ that is not in
contact with other cells and faces away from
underlying tissues

A

Free Cell Surfaces

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23
Q

move materials over the top of the cell

A

Cilia

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24
Q

increase surface area

A

Microvilli

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25
Q

mechanically bind the cells together, help form a permeability barrier,
and provide a mechanism for intercellular
communication.

A

Cell Connections

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26
Q

are mechanical links that bind cells
together.

A

Desmosomes

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27
Q

are half desmosomes that
anchor cells to the basement membrane

A

Hemidesmosomes

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28
Q

prevent the passage of
materials between epithelial cells because they
completely surround each cell

A

Tight junctions

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29
Q

are small channels that allow
small molecules and ions to pass from one
epithelial cell to an adjacent one

A

Gap junctions

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30
Q

help the tight junctions anchor epithelial cells to each other

A

Adhesive belts

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31
Q

secretory organs that secrete substances
onto a surface, into a cavity, or into the
bloodstream

A

Glands

32
Q

have a single, non-branched duct,
some have branched ducts

A

Simple glands

33
Q

have multiple,
branched ducts.

A

Compound exocrine glands

34
Q

Glands with secretory regions shaped as tubules

A

Tubular glands

35
Q

glands shaped in saclike structures

A

Acinar/Alveolar

36
Q

involves the release of secretory products by exocytosis

A

Merocrine secretion

37
Q

involves the release of secretory products as pinched-off fragments of the gland cells.

A

Apocrine secretion

38
Q

involves the shedding of entire cells

A

Holocrine secretion

39
Q

it consists of cells separated
from each other by abundant extracellular matrix

A

Connective tissue

40
Q

it consists of cells separated
from each other by abundant extracellular matrix

A

Connective tissue

41
Q

large cells that are capable of
moving about and ingesting foreign substances,

A

Macrophages

42
Q

nonmotile cells that release chemicals, promote inflammation

A

Mast cells

43
Q

three major components of extracellular matrix

A

protein fibers, ground
substance, and fluid

44
Q

consists of non-fibrous
protein and other molecules

A

Ground substance

45
Q

protein fiber that resemble microscopic
ropes, are very flexible but resist stretching.

A

Collagen fibers

46
Q

very fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form a supporting network

A

Reticular fibers

47
Q

very fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form a supporting network

A

Reticular fibers

48
Q

have the ability to return to their
original shape after being stretched or
compressed, giving tissue an elastic quality

A

Elastic fibers

49
Q

large
molecules that consist of a protein core
attached to many long polysaccharides

A

Proteoglycans

50
Q

two main types of connective tissue

A

embryonic and adult connective tissue

51
Q

consists of relatively few
protein fibers that form a lacy network, with
numerous spaces filled with ground substance
and fluid

A

Loose connective tissue

52
Q

Three subdivisions of loose connective tissue

A

areolar, adipose, and reticular

53
Q

has a relatively large
number of protein fibers that form thick bundles
and fill nearly all of the extracellular space

A

Dense connective tissue

54
Q

two major subcategories of dense
connective tissue

A

collagenous and elastic

55
Q

composed of chondrocytes, located
in spaces called lacunae within an extensive
matrix

A

Cartilage

56
Q

is the most abundant type of
cartilage and has many functions, such as covering
the ends of bones, where they form joints

A

Hyaline cartilage

57
Q

has more collagen than does hyaline
cartilage and is able to withstand compression and
resist tearing or pulling

A

Fibrocartilage

58
Q

contains elastic fibers in addition
to collagen and proteoglycans

A

Elastic cartilage

59
Q

provides support, but if bent or slightly
compressed, it resumes its original shape

A

Cartilage

60
Q

a hard connective tissue that consists of
living cells and a mineralized matrix

A

Bone

61
Q

has spaces between trabeculae or
plates, of bone

A

Spongy bone

62
Q

solid, with almost no
space between many thin layers of mineralized
matrix.

A

Compact bone

63
Q

a liquid connective tissue

A

Blood

64
Q

formed elements in blood

A

erythrocytes,
leukocytes, and platelets

65
Q

attaches to the skeleton and
enables the body to move

A

Skeletal muscle

66
Q

it is the muscle responsible for pumping blood

A

Cardiac muscle

67
Q

forms the walls of hollow
organs; it is also found in the skin and the eyes

A

Smooth muscle

68
Q

Nervous tissue consists of

A

neurons and glial cells

69
Q

The neuron is composed of

A

a cell body, dendrites,
and an axon

70
Q

a thin sheet or layer of
tissue that covers a structure or lines a cavity

A

tissue membrane

71
Q

the external body surface membrane

A

cutaneous membrane

72
Q

line cavities that open to
the outside of the body

A

mucous membranes

73
Q

line cavities that do not open to
the exterior of the body

A

serous membrane

74
Q

line cavities that do not open to
the exterior of the body

A

serous membrane

75
Q

line the cavities of freely
movable joints

A

Synovial membranes

76
Q

a beneficial process
occurring when tissues are damaged

A

Inflammation

77
Q

involves substitution of dead cells for
viable cells

A

Tissue repair

Anatomy & Physiology (4 decks)

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