Chap 4 - Tissues

Question 1

a group of cells with similar structure
and function, plus the extracellular substance
surrounding them.

Answer 1

Tissue

Question 2

the study of tissues

Answer 2

Histology

Question 3

a covering or lining tissue

Answer 3

Epithelial tissue

Question 4

a diverse primary tissue type
that makes up part of every organ in the body

Answer 4

Connective tissue

Question 5

a tissue that contracts or shortens,
making movement possible

Answer 5

Muscle tissue

Question 6

responsible for coordinating and
controlling many body activities

Answer 6

Nervous tissue

Question 7

consists of a single layer of
cells, with each cell extending from the
basement membrane to the free surface

Answer 7

SImple epithelium

Question 8

consists of more than one
layer of cells, but only the basal layer attaches
the deepest layer to the basement membrane.

Answer 8

Stratified epithelium

Question 9

a special type of simple epithelium, that appears
to be falsely stratified

Answer 9

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 10

are flat or scalelike

Answer 10

Squamous cells

Question 11

are cube-shaped—about as
wide as they are tall.

Answer 11

Cuboidal cells

Question 12

tend to be taller than they are
wide.

Answer 12

Columnar cells

Question 13

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 13

Some substances easily pass through this thin
layer of cells, but other substances do not.

Question 14

is a single layer of cube-like cells that carry out active transport,
facilitated diffusion, or secretion.

Answer 14

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 15

The large size of these cells enables them to
perform complex functions, such as secretion.

Answer 15

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 16

epithelium that secretes mucus, which covers its free surface

Answer 16

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 17

The outer layer of the skin is comprised of a?

Answer 17

Keratinized squamous epithelium

Question 18

epithelium that provides protection against abrasion
and acts as a mechanical barrier.

Answer 18

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
epithelium

Question 19

This epithelial type is relatively rare and is found
in sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicular cells, and
the salivary glands

Answer 19

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Question 20

is relatively rare, found in the
mammary gland ducts, the larynx, and a portion of
the male urethra.

Answer 20

Stratified columnar epithelium

Question 21

Transitional epithelium

Answer 21

is a special type of
stratified epithelium that can be greatly
stretched.

Question 22

Most epithelia have a ___ that is not in
contact with other cells and faces away from
underlying tissues

Answer 22

Free Cell Surfaces

Question 23

move materials over the top of the cell

Answer 23

Cilia

Question 24

increase surface area

Answer 24

Microvilli

Question 25

mechanically bind the cells together, help form a permeability barrier, and provide a mechanism for intercellular communication.

Answer 25

Cell Connections

Question 26

are mechanical links that bind cells together.

Answer 26

Desmosomes

Question 27

are half desmosomes that anchor cells to the basement membrane

Answer 27

Hemidesmosomes

Question 28

prevent the passage of materials between epithelial cells because they completely surround each cell

Answer 28

Tight junctions

Question 29

are small channels that allow small molecules and ions to pass from one epithelial cell to an adjacent one

Answer 29

Gap junctions

Question 30

help the tight junctions anchor epithelial cells to each other

Answer 30

Adhesive belts

Question 31

secretory organs that secrete substances onto a surface, into a cavity, or into the bloodstream

Answer 31

Glands

Question 32

have a single, non-branched duct, some have branched ducts

Answer 32

Simple glands

Question 33

have multiple, branched ducts.

Answer 33

Compound exocrine glands

Question 34

Glands with secretory regions shaped as tubules

Answer 34

Tubular glands

Question 35

glands shaped in saclike structures

Answer 35

Acinar/Alveolar

Question 36

involves the release of secretory products by exocytosis

Answer 36

Merocrine secretion

Question 37

involves the release of secretory products as pinched-off fragments of the gland cells.

Answer 37

Apocrine secretion

Question 38

involves the shedding of entire cells

Answer 38

Holocrine secretion

Question 39

it consists of cells separated from each other by abundant extracellular matrix

Answer 39

Connective tissue

Question 40

it consists of cells separated from each other by abundant extracellular matrix

Answer 40

Connective tissue

Question 41

large cells that are capable of moving about and ingesting foreign substances,

Answer 41

Macrophages

Question 42

nonmotile cells that release chemicals, promote inflammation

Answer 42

Mast cells

Question 43

three major components of extracellular matrix

Answer 43

protein fibers, ground substance, and fluid

Question 44

consists of non-fibrous protein and other molecules

Answer 44

Ground substance

Question 45

protein fiber that resemble microscopic ropes, are very flexible but resist stretching.

Answer 45

Collagen fibers

Question 46

very fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form a supporting network

Answer 46

Reticular fibers

Question 47

very fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form a supporting network

Answer 47

Reticular fibers

Question 48

have the ability to return to their original shape after being stretched or compressed, giving tissue an elastic quality

Answer 48

Elastic fibers

Question 49

large molecules that consist of a protein core attached to many long polysaccharides

Answer 49

Proteoglycans

Question 50

two main types of connective tissue

Answer 50

embryonic and adult connective tissue

Question 51

consists of relatively few protein fibers that form a lacy network, with numerous spaces filled with ground substance and fluid

Answer 51

Loose connective tissue

Question 52

Three subdivisions of loose connective tissue

Answer 52

areolar, adipose, and reticular

Question 53

has a relatively large number of protein fibers that form thick bundles and fill nearly all of the extracellular space

Answer 53

Dense connective tissue

Question 54

two major subcategories of dense connective tissue

Answer 54

collagenous and elastic

Question 55

composed of chondrocytes, located in spaces called lacunae within an extensive matrix

Answer 55

Cartilage

Question 56

is the most abundant type of cartilage and has many functions, such as covering the ends of bones, where they form joints

Answer 56

Hyaline cartilage

Question 57

has more collagen than does hyaline cartilage and is able to withstand compression and resist tearing or pulling

Answer 57

Fibrocartilage

Question 58

contains elastic fibers in addition to collagen and proteoglycans

Answer 58

Elastic cartilage

Question 59

provides support, but if bent or slightly compressed, it resumes its original shape

Answer 59

Cartilage

Question 60

a hard connective tissue that consists of living cells and a mineralized matrix

Answer 60

Bone

Question 61

has spaces between trabeculae or plates, of bone

Answer 61

Spongy bone

Question 62

solid, with almost no space between many thin layers of mineralized matrix.

Answer 62

Compact bone

Question 63

a liquid connective tissue

Answer 63

Blood

Question 64

formed elements in blood

Answer 64

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

Question 65

attaches to the skeleton and enables the body to move

Answer 65

Skeletal muscle

Question 66

it is the muscle responsible for pumping blood

Answer 66

Cardiac muscle

Question 67

forms the walls of hollow organs; it is also found in the skin and the eyes

Answer 67

Smooth muscle

Question 68

Nervous tissue consists of

Answer 68

neurons and glial cells

Question 69

The neuron is composed of

Answer 69

a cell body, dendrites, and an axon

Question 70

a thin sheet or layer of tissue that covers a structure or lines a cavity

Answer 70

tissue membrane

Question 71

the external body surface membrane

Answer 71

cutaneous membrane

Question 72

line cavities that open to the outside of the body

Answer 72

mucous membranes

Question 73

line cavities that do not open to the exterior of the body

Answer 73

serous membrane

Question 74

line cavities that do not open to the exterior of the body

Answer 74

serous membrane

Question 75

line the cavities of freely movable joints

Answer 75

Synovial membranes

Question 76

a beneficial process occurring when tissues are damaged

Answer 76

Inflammation

Question 77

involves substitution of dead cells for viable cells

Answer 77

Tissue repair