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Information Technology > Chap 4 DSS & Ai > Flashcards

Chap 4 DSS & Ai Flashcards

1
Q

Phases of Decision Making

A
  1. Intelligence
  2. Design
  3. Choice
  4. Implementation
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2
Q

Intelligence

A

Find or recognize a problem, need, or opportunity

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3
Q

Design

A

Consider possible ways of solving the problem

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4
Q

Choice

A

Weigh the merits of each solution

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5
Q

Implementation

A

Carry out the solution

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6
Q

Types of Decisions

A
  1. Structured vs. Non Structured

2. Recurring vs. Non recurring (Ad Hoc)

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7
Q

Structured Decision

A

Processing a certain information in a specific way so that you will always get the right decision

Ex: Salary

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8
Q

Non Structured Decision

A

one for which there may be several “right” answers, without a sure way to get the right answer

Ex: Advancement Opportunity

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9
Q

Recurring Decision

A

A decision you make repeatedly

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10
Q

Non Recurring (ad hoc) Decision

A

A decision you make infrequently

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11
Q

DSS

A

Decision Support System

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12
Q

Decision Support System

A

a highly flexible and interactive system that is designed to support decision making when the problem is not structured

helps to analyze but one must know how to solve the problem and use the results

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13
Q

Components of a DSS

A
  1. Model management component
  2. Data Management component
  3. User Interface Management Component
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14
Q

Model Management Component

A

Consists of both the DSS models and the Models management system

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15
Q

Data Management Component

A

Stores and maintains the information that you want your DSS to use

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16
Q

User Information Component

A

Allows you to communicate with the DSS

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17
Q

Geographic Information System

A

DSS designed specifically to analyze spacial information (information in map form)

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18
Q

AI

A

Artificial Intelligence

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19
Q

Artificial Intelligence

A

the science of making machines imitate human thinking and behavior

Deliver the conclusion rather than help analyze the options

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20
Q

Robot

A

a mechanical device equipped with human senses and the ability to take action on its own

21
Q

Types of AI used in Business

A
  1. Expert Systems
  2. Neural Networks
  3. Genetic Algorithms
  4. Intelligence Agents
22
Q

Expert System

A

knowledge based system

An artificial intelligence system that applies reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion

used to tell diagnostic problems (whats wrong) and prescriptive problems (what to do)

23
Q

Expert Systems CAN….

A
  1. Reduce errors
  2. Improve Customer Service
  3. Reduce Cost
24
Q

Expert Systems CANT…

A
  1. Use common sense

2. Automate all processes

25
Q

Neural Networks

A

An artificial intelligence System that is capable of finding and differentiating patterns

26
Q

Neural Networks CAN

A
  1. Learn and adjust to circumstances on their own
  2. Take part in massive parallel processing
  3. Function without complete information
  4. Cope with huge volumes of information
  5. Analyze nonlinear relationships
27
Q

Fuzzy Logic

A

A mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information

used to make ambiguous information such as “short” usable in computer systems

28
Q

Fuzzy Logic Applications

A

Google’s Search Engine
Antilock Brakes
Washing Machines

29
Q

Genetic Algorithm

A

an artificial intelligence system that mimics the evolutionary, survival of the fittest, process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem

30
Q

Evolutionary Theories of Genetic Algorithms

A
  1. Selection
  2. Crossover
  3. Mutation
31
Q

Selection

A

Survival of the fittest or giving preference to better outcomes

32
Q

Crossover

A

combining portions of good outcomes to create even better outcomes

33
Q

Mutation

A

randomly trying combinations and evaluating the success of each

34
Q

Genetic Algorithms CAN

A

Take many possible solutions and combine and recombine them until it find the optimal solution

work in environments where no model of how to find the right solution exists

35
Q

Intelligence Agents

A

software that assist you, or acts on your behalf completing repetitive computer related tasks

36
Q

Types of Intelligence Agents

A
  1. Information Agents
    2 Monitoring and surveillance or predictive agents
  2. Data mining agents
  3. User or personal agents
37
Q

Information Agents

A

intelligent agents that search for information of some kind and bring it back

38
Q

Buyer Agent/ Shopping Bot

A

an intelligent agent on a web site that helps the customer find products/services they want

39
Q

Monitoring and surveillance or predictive agents

A

intelligence agents that constantly observe and report on some entity of interest, a network, or manufacturing equipment for example

40
Q

Data Mining Agent

A

operates in a data warehouse discovering information

41
Q

User or Personal Agents

A

Intelligence agent that takes action on our behalf

42
Q

Examples of User/personal Agents

A
  1. Prioritize emails
  2. act as gaming partner
  3. Assemble customized news reports
  4. fill out forms for you
  5. “Discuss” topics with you
43
Q

Biomimicry

A

learning from ecosystems and adapting their characteristics to human and organizational situations

44
Q

Biomimicry is used for…..

A
  1. Learn how people based systems behave
  2. Predict how they will behave under certain circumstances
  3. Improve human systems to make them more efficient and effective
45
Q

Agent based Modeling

A

a way of simulating human organizations using multiple intelligent agents, each of which follows a set of simple rules and can adapt to changing conditions

46
Q

Multi-agent Modeling

A

groups of intelligent agents have the ability to work independently and to interact with each other

47
Q

Swarm (Collective) intelligence

A

the collective behavior of groups of simple agents that are capable of devising solutions to problems as they arise eventually learning to coherent global patterns

48
Q

Characteristics of SWARM intelligence

A
  1. Flexibility - adaptability to change
    2 Robustness - tasks are completed even if some individuals are removed
  2. Decentralization - each individual has a simple job to do

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