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SPI STUDY GUIDE > Chap 4 A&SS > Flashcards

Chap 4 A&SS Flashcards

1
Q

Cavity containing dead tissue and pus that forms from an infection

A

Abscess

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2
Q

Layers of fat fibrous sheets composed of strong connective tissue

A

Aponeurosis

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3
Q

Accumulation of serious fluid in peritoneal cavity

A

Ascites

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4
Q

Skin discoloration cause by the leakage of blood into the subcutaneous tissues

A

Ecchymosis

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5
Q

Redness of skin owing to inflammation

A

Erythema

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6
Q

Fibrous tissue network that is richly supplied by blood vessels and nerves located between the skin and underlying structures

A

Fascia

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7
Q

Fibrous structure that runs down the midline of the abdomen from the xyphoid process to the symphysis pubis separating the right and left rectus abdominis

A

Linea alba

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8
Q

Rhythmic wavelike contraction of the gastrointestinal tract that forces food through it

A

Peristalsis

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9
Q

Fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity

A

Pleural effusion

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10
Q

Fluid located superior to diaphragm

A

Pleural effusion

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11
Q

Fluid located inferior to diaphragm

A

Ascites

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12
Q

Collapsed lung that occurs when air leaks into the space between the chest wall and lung

A

Pneumothorax

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13
Q

Long, vertical, paired abdominal muscles that run from the xiphoid process to the symphysis pubis

A

Rectus abdominis

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14
Q

Fibrous connective tissue fascia that contains the rectus abdominis, pyramidalis muscle, blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves

A

Rectus sheath

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15
Q

Where does the anterior abdominal wall extend from?

A

The xyphoid process to the symphysis pubis

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16
Q

What is the anterior wall made of?

A

The skin layer, the subcutaneous layer, and a musculofascial layer

17
Q

The anterolateral abdominal wall is made of…

A

The rectus abdominis, transverse, internal oblique and external oblique muscles

18
Q

Why is sonography the modality of choice?

A

It is fast, widely available, inexpensive and noninvasive

19
Q

What affects the abdominal wall and membranous lining?

A

Inflammatory, traumatic, and neoplastic changes

20
Q

Name the four main indications of inflammatory response

A

Heat, redness, pain, and swelling

21
Q

How does an abscess appear sonographically?

A

Anechoic or has internal echoes. irregular or smooth bordered, may have echogenic shadowing if it contains gas

22
Q

When do hematomas usually occur?

A

Postsurgical or after trauma

23
Q

What muscles typically develop hematomas?

A

Lateral or retroperitoneal muscles

24
Q

How do hematomas appear sonographically?

A

Varies from hypoechoic to echogenic. Appearance will vary with each stage of resolution.

25
Q

A collection of serum in the tissue resulting from a surgical incision or liquefaction of a hematoma is called a _______.

A

Seroma

26
Q

How do seromas appear sonographically?

A

Anechoic to hypoechoic

27
Q

_____ occurs when abdominal wall muscles are weak and the viscera lying beneath protrude.

A

Hernias

28
Q

Which hernias make up 75% of all hernias?

A

Inguinal hernias

29
Q

A ____ meets this sonographic criteria:
-abdominal wall defect

-presence of bowel in the lesion

-exaggeration of the lesion straining on abdominal muscle

-reducibilty of the lesion with pressure

A

A Hernia

30
Q

In what two categories are hernias classified?

A

Ventral and groin

31
Q

A hernia is nonreducible in _______.

A

Incarceration

32
Q

_______ is compromised blood supply causing ischemia.

A

Strangulation

33
Q

Name the 4 types of neoplasms

A

Lipomas, desmoid tumors, sarcomas, and metastic tumors

34
Q

Pleural effusions are also called ______.

A

Hydrothorax

35
Q

_____ appears sonographically as:
-complex nonseptated fluid
-complex septations seen within fliud collection
-hyperechoic
-anechoic areas superior to diaphragm

A

Pleural effusion

36
Q

How do hernias appear sonographically in fetuses?

A

Appears as a thin, hypoechoic band. Also, allows abdominal contents to enter the thorax

37
Q

The most common neoplasm is a ______.

A

Lipoma

38
Q

The most common malignant primary neoplasm is called ______.

A

Fibrosarcoma

SPI STUDY GUIDE (2 decks)

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