Chap 4 A&SS

Question 1

Cavity containing dead tissue and pus that forms from an infection

Answer 1

Abscess

Question 2

Layers of fat fibrous sheets composed of strong connective tissue

Answer 2

Aponeurosis

Question 3

Accumulation of serious fluid in peritoneal cavity

Answer 3

Ascites

Question 4

Skin discoloration cause by the leakage of blood into the subcutaneous tissues

Answer 4

Ecchymosis

Question 5

Redness of skin owing to inflammation

Answer 5

Erythema

Question 6

Fibrous tissue network that is richly supplied by blood vessels and nerves located between the skin and underlying structures

Answer 6

Fascia

Question 7

Fibrous structure that runs down the midline of the abdomen from the xyphoid process to the symphysis pubis separating the right and left rectus abdominis

Answer 7

Linea alba

Question 8

Rhythmic wavelike contraction of the gastrointestinal tract that forces food through it

Answer 8

Peristalsis

Question 9

Fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity

Answer 9

Pleural effusion

Question 10

Fluid located superior to diaphragm

Answer 10

Pleural effusion

Question 11

Fluid located inferior to diaphragm

Answer 11

Ascites

Question 12

Collapsed lung that occurs when air leaks into the space between the chest wall and lung

Answer 12

Pneumothorax

Question 13

Long, vertical, paired abdominal muscles that run from the xiphoid process to the symphysis pubis

Answer 13

Rectus abdominis

Question 14

Fibrous connective tissue fascia that contains the rectus abdominis, pyramidalis muscle, blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves

Answer 14

Rectus sheath

Question 15

Where does the anterior abdominal wall extend from?

Answer 15

The xyphoid process to the symphysis pubis

Question 16

What is the anterior wall made of?

Answer 16

The skin layer, the subcutaneous layer, and a musculofascial layer

Question 17

The anterolateral abdominal wall is made of…

Answer 17

The rectus abdominis, transverse, internal oblique and external oblique muscles

Question 18

Why is sonography the modality of choice?

Answer 18

It is fast, widely available, inexpensive and noninvasive

Question 19

What affects the abdominal wall and membranous lining?

Answer 19

Inflammatory, traumatic, and neoplastic changes

Question 20

Name the four main indications of inflammatory response

Answer 20

Heat, redness, pain, and swelling

Question 21

How does an abscess appear sonographically?

Answer 21

Anechoic or has internal echoes. irregular or smooth bordered, may have echogenic shadowing if it contains gas

Question 22

When do hematomas usually occur?

Answer 22

Postsurgical or after trauma

Question 23

What muscles typically develop hematomas?

Answer 23

Lateral or retroperitoneal muscles

Question 24

How do hematomas appear sonographically?

Answer 24

Varies from hypoechoic to echogenic. Appearance will vary with each stage of resolution.

Question 25

A collection of serum in the tissue resulting from a surgical incision or liquefaction of a hematoma is called a _______.

Answer 25

Seroma

Question 26

How do seromas appear sonographically?

Answer 26

Anechoic to hypoechoic

Question 27

_____ occurs when abdominal wall muscles are weak and the viscera lying beneath protrude.

Answer 27

Hernias

Question 28

Which hernias make up 75% of all hernias?

Answer 28

Inguinal hernias

Question 29

A ____ meets this sonographic criteria: -abdominal wall defect -presence of bowel in the lesion -exaggeration of the lesion straining on abdominal muscle -reducibilty of the lesion with pressure

Answer 29

A Hernia

Question 30

In what two categories are hernias classified?

Answer 30

Ventral and groin

Question 31

A hernia is nonreducible in _______.

Answer 31

Incarceration

Question 32

_______ is compromised blood supply causing ischemia.

Answer 32

Strangulation

Question 33

Name the 4 types of neoplasms

Answer 33

Lipomas, desmoid tumors, sarcomas, and metastic tumors

Question 34

Pleural effusions are also called ______.

Answer 34

Hydrothorax

Question 35

_____ appears sonographically as: -complex nonseptated fluid -complex septations seen within fliud collection -hyperechoic -anechoic areas superior to diaphragm

Answer 35

Pleural effusion

Question 36

How do hernias appear sonographically in fetuses?

Answer 36

Appears as a thin, hypoechoic band. Also, allows abdominal contents to enter the thorax

Question 37

The most common neoplasm is a ______.

Answer 37

Lipoma

Question 38

The most common malignant primary neoplasm is called ______.

Answer 38

Fibrosarcoma