Chap 4-6 Flashcards
Ethnocentrism
Judging a culture on your own values
Culture
A sum total of the environment in which we are raised and continue to be socialized throughout our lives
Cultural relativism
Understanding cultures on the own terms
Culture shock
Disoriented by new surroundings when material and symbolic culture are new or unknown
Non material culture
Ideas associated with a cultural group
Ways of thinking, behaving and symbols
Norms
Rules and guidelines for acceptable behaviour
Norms
Folkways
Loosely unforced
I informal not codified
Picking nose in public
Mores
Norm that carries greater formal
Significance
Formal can be codified
Cheating on spouse
Taboos
A type of more formal codified disgust rape, pedophilias
laws
mores and taboos translated into laws
red-stop green=go
formal norm
written into laws (codified)
informal norm
unspoken list (folkways)
prescriptive norm
rule of behavior expected to preform
proscriptive
rule of behaviour expected to refrain from
Informal sanction
not big consequence (socially excluded)
formal sanction
punishment (jail, expulsion)
positive sanction
offered reward of encouragement
negative sanction
removal of privilege, grounded
high culture
consumed by upper class
pop culture
majority- forms of expressions of masses
consumer goods, commercial products
dominant culture
values and norms of a group within society that is the most powerful
referred to as dominant or mainstream
conflict perspective
ideologies of the bourgeoise
stereotypes
smart Asians
subculture
differentiate themselves from society by distinctive values
culture within a culture
counter culture
openly rejects society’s values and norms
polygamy
socializations
- the wayt society, culture or groups teaches individuals to become functional members
- process of individual learning and internalizing values and norms of the group
Agents of socialization
Family, schools, peers, media
Agents of socialization
family- most significant -PRIMARY
Agents of socialization
schools- - becoming more pressure-
SECONDARY
“hidden curriculum”- obey and conform
Agents of socialization
peers- same age similar social status- SECONDARY
Agents of socialization
Mass media
Large audience via mass media- SECONDARY
Self-fulfilling prophesy
belief about what others believe about you
Thomas Theorem
situations we define as real have real consequences
self
our individual and personal identity which is separate and distinct from other individuals
Social identity (social)
Personal (subjective)
Symbolic Interactionism
George Herbert Mead
micro
how is the self and society created through social interactionism?
We act toward things on the basis of their meanings
Mead and the self
born without a self- develops through interaction
Roles
behaviors expected of a person occupying a particular position
Role Taking
Ability to see oneself through the eyes of others
subjective and objective
Talking about your self in the third person
Significant Other
Important role in early socialization (family)
Formation of self
Mead- Three stages
Preparatory, play stage, Game stage
Preparatory stage
Imitation 0-3 yrs
Play Stage
Significant other
Take on role of other
Able to play doctor, house, mom
2-6 yrs
Game Stage
Can play organizer games
Ca see difference between self and others
Generalized other- develops conscience
Age7
Generalized other
Ability of a child to understand complex rules, internalize norms, voice in your head, conscience
Mead’s concept and the self
The “I” and the ““me”
Mead’s “I”
Wild, subjective, impulsive, present from birth
Mead’s “ME”
Tame, objective, socialized, emerges though role taking
Cooley’s “looking glass self”
We see ourselves reflected how others see us
How i see myself vs how others see me
1. imagine how we look to others
2. imagine others judgement of us
3. we see ourselves based on our perceptions of others judgment
Ascribed Status
Born with, difficult to change, gender, sex, race
Achieved Status
Earned, though our own efforts
Status Cues
Visual indication of status (shoes)
Roles
Set of behaviors, thoughts and feeling expected from status (mom = nurturing and caring)
Role Playing
Conforming to society’s expectations of a role
housewife
Role making
Challenging society’s expectations of role
Stay at home dad, punk rock parents
Role Conflict
coflict among two or more roles
being a student and a parnt
Role Strain
One role with lots of asks
athelete
Status Set
All the the different statuses you have
student, sister, girlfriend
Role Set
The expectations of the status set you have
Student-study
girlfriend-caring
Gender and Social Interaction
Socialized differently based on roles
Girls vs Boys activities
Emotional Labour
Work you are paid for that requires feeling
waitress, teacher
Emotional Management
Unpaid emotional regulation of the home (plans birthday parties, schedules dr’s appointments)
Goffman
Dramaturgy
Dramaturgy
Goffman
We are all actors on a stage playing roles.
Impression management
Goffman
Control how others viewus so we can be seen in the best light
Expressions Given
Goffman
Verbal and purposeful (what we say)
Expressions Given- off
Goffman
Non-verbal and unintended (body lang.)
Front stage
Goffman
How you act in public
Backstage
Goffman
preparation for your performance
Social Group
Collection of people who
- share some attribute- love of Star Trek
- identify with one another- trekkies
- interact with one another- go to conventions
group dynamics
how groups grow, form and change (within/between)
Group influences
- Size small= informal norms, not codified vs large= codified, rule and regular;ation
- in-group- identifies with your team vs out-group- opposition, rivalry (oilers)
- reference group- peers we compare ourselves to
- group cohesion- solidarity group feels towards a group they belong to.
Group Size
small= informal norms, not codified vs large= codified, rule and regular;ation
in group and out group
in-group- identifies with your team vs outgruop- opposition, rivalry (oilers)
Reference group
peers we compare ourselves to
Group cohesion
solidarity group feels towards a group they belong to.
Mass media
Form of communication targeting large audience in front and electric form
Traditional Media
7
books, magazines, cinema, tv, radio, newspapers, film,
New media
can overlap with traditional media
Internet and electronic gadgets
Digital Sociology
Studies use of digital media (with can be created, viewed, saved, distributed, modified on electric devices), impact, development, use. Social worlds can be investigated, evaluated and understood.
Net Neutrality
Principle of equality and detachment with respect to how information on the internet is treated by network providers
Social construction or reality
reality socially constructed by creation of cultural representation
Mass media plays a key role in the creation of cultural representation
Cultural representation
Reflective, Intentional, constructionist
Reflective cultural representation
representation reflect reality (apple is an apple)
Intentional cultural representation
representation reflects authors intent
Constructionist cultural representation
representation actively tries to shape you views, representation as prescription, mass media, propaganda
Structural functionalism frame work of media
Manifest function- share information, socialization Latent function-theft, cyber bullying Social capital (who do you know)
Conflict approach to media
Who's interests do the media reflect? Concentrated ownership Object attributes Agenda setting culture Jamming
Concentrated owner ship
ownership, advertising, global media, corporate ownership
“big 5” of tv
“big 3” of music
“big 5 “ of media
Agenda Setting
Propaganda model-
media filters messages that serve instructs of corporations.
Object attributes
How we understand the object
Shaping publics agenda
Culture Jamming
(opposite of structural functionalism)
anti-consumerist social movement to critique capitalism
satire
reaction against social conformity
Interactionist approach to media
Framing theory
Framing theory
media focuses attention on certain events then places them within a frame of meaning
Framing theory Language
gay marriage vs marriage equality
Framing theory Images
lightened skin
Framing theory Sizing
forefront, amount of time space given in news reel
Framing theory Agency
inclusion of a particular word to imply where blame lies (loot vs found)
Framing theory Identification
encourages or discourages identification with one of the characters in news event
Framing theory Categorization
Overall framework used to label event by the media
Framing theory Generalization
media story generalized to larger political system of issue
Feminist and gender approaches (conflict)
Gender stereo types and feminist culture jamming
gender stereo types
men as villains, reverts, aggressors
women as sexualized, overtly feminized, nurturing
Queer theories
queering texts
queering texts
cultural spectatorship locates and celebrates non-normative gender and sexuality. reimagines texts (gay Romeo and Juliet)
Critical Race. theory
Noble (algorithms of oppression)
Data discrimination
Algorithms of oppression
algorithms in the age of neoliberalism
how search engines reinforce racism
Data Discrimination
How the combination of private interests, monopoly stars of search engines lead to bias set of search algorithms that are negative towards blacks and positive towards whites
media violence social learning theory
people learn from observing the behaviour of others. media violence teaches people to be violent
desensitization theory
repeated exposure lessens physical and emotional impact
media literacy
ability to critically asses and make informed choices about messages contained in media forms
Assumptions underlying media literacy
- All media are constructs
- Audiences negotiate meaning
- Media have commercial interests
- Media have social and political implications (agenda setting and cultural representation)
- Each medium has a unique aesthetic form
