chap 38: HRT& Osteoporosis Flashcards
1
Q
- The goals of therapy when prescribing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) include reducing:
- Cardiovascular risk
- Risk of stroke or other thromboembolic event
- Breast cancer
- Vasomotor symptoms
A
- Vasomotor symptoms
2
Q
- The optimal maximum time frame for HRT or estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is:
- 2 years
- 5 years
- 10 years
- 15 years
A
- 5 years
3
Q
- Dosage changes of conjugated equine estrogen (Premarin) are made at _________ intervals.
- 1 to 2 week
- 2 to 4 week
- 6 to 8 week
- 12 week
A
- 6 to 8 week
4
Q
- The advantage of vaginal estrogen preparations in the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy and dryness is:
- Ability to deliver higher doses of estrogen in a non-oral form
- The vaginal cream formula provides moisture to the vaginal area
- Relief of symptoms without increasing cardiovascular risk
- All of the above
A
- Relief of symptoms without increasing cardiovascular risk
5
Q
- Women with an intact uterus should be treated with both estrogen and progestin due to:
- Increased risk for endometrial cancer if estrogen alone is used
- Combination therapy provides the best relief of menopausal vasomotor symptoms
- Reduced risk for colon cancer with combined therapy
- Lower risk of developing blood clots with combined therapy
A
- Increased risk for endometrial cancer if estrogen alone is used
6
Q
- Ongoing monitoring for women on ERT includes:
- Lipid levels, repeated annually if abnormal
- Annual health history and review of risk profile
- Annual mammogram
- All of the above
A
- All of the above
7
Q
- Kristine would like to start HRT to treat the significant vasomotor symptoms she is experiencing during menopause. Education for a woman considering hormone replacement would include:
- Explaining that HRT is totally safe if used short term
- Telling her to ignore media hype regarding HRT
- Discussing the advantages and risks of HRT
- Encouraging the patient to use phytoestrogens with the HRT
A
- Discussing the advantages and risks of HRT
8
Q
- Angela is a black woman who has heard that women of African descent do not need to worry about osteoporosis. What education would you provide Angela about her risk?
- She is correct, black women do not have much risk of developing osteoporosis due to their dark skin.
- Black women are at risk of developing osteoporosis due to their lower calcium intake as a group.
- If she doesn’t drink alcohol, her risk of developing osteoporosis is low.
- If she has not lost more than 10% of her weight lately, her risk is low.
A
- Black women are at risk of developing osteoporosis due to their lower calcium intake as a group.
9
Q
- Drugs that increase the risk of osteoporosis developing include:
- Oral combined contraceptives
- Carbamazepine
- Calcium channel blockers
- High doses of vitamin D
A
- Carbamazepine
10
Q
- Selective estrogen receptor modifiers (SERMs) treat osteoporosis by selectively:
- Inhibiting magnesium resorption in the kidneys
- Increasing calcium absorption from the GI tract
- Acting on the bone to inhibit osteoblast activity
- Selectively acting on the estrogen receptors in the bone
A
- Selectively acting on the estrogen receptors in the bone
11
Q
- Sallie has been diagnosed with osteoporosis and is asking about the “once a month” pill to treat her condition. How do bisphosphonates treat osteoporosis?
- By selectively activating estrogen pathways in the bone
- By reducing bone resorption by inhibiting parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- By reducing bone resorption and inhibiting osteoclastic activity
- By increasing PTH production
A
- By reducing bone resorption and inhibiting osteoclastic activity
12
Q
- Inadequate vitamin D intake can contribute to the development of osteoporosis by:
- Increasing calcitonin production
- Increasing calcium absorption from the intestine
- Altering calcium metabolism
- Stimulating bone formation
A
- Increasing calcium absorption from the intestine
13
Q
- The drug recommended as primary prevention of osteoporosis in women over age 70 years is:
- Alendronate (Fosamax)
- Ibandronate (Boniva)
- Calcium carbonate
- Raloxifene (Evista)
A
- Alendronate (Fosamax)
14
Q
- The drug recommended as primary prevention of osteoporosis in men over age 70 years is:
- Alendronate (Fosamax)
- Ibandronate (Boniva)
- Calcium carbonate
- Raloxifene (Evista)
A
- Alendronate (Fosamax)
15
Q
- The ongoing monitoring for patients over age 65 years taking alendronate (Fosamax) or any other bisphosphonate is:
- Annual dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans
- Annual vitamin D level
- Annual renal function evaluation
- Electrolytes every 3 months
A
- Annual renal function evaluation