Chap 3: Social Perception

Question 1

The process in which we seek to understand other individuals is called _______

Answer 1

Social Perception

involved the way we gather and analyze information about other people

Question 2

There are 5 basic channels of non-verbal communication, these are

Answer 2

“P.E.T - B.F”

1. Posture
2. Eye contact
3. Touching
4. Body movements
5. Facial Expressions

Question 3

The view that facial expressions can actually trigger emotions is called _____

Answer 3

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

pg97

Question 4

Deception:
A fleeting facial expression lasting only a few tenths of a second that can reveal deception and can often go unnoticed is called _____

Answer 4

Microexpression

These reactions appear on the face very quickly after an emotion-provoking event that are difficult to suppress

For example: Frowning for less than a second when saying you love a gift from a friend

pg. 100

Question 5

Deception:

Smiling more frequently than normal or showing over exaggerated amount of interest is called _____

Answer 5

Exaggerated facial expressions

Question 6

Erins boyfriend has taken her to an exclusive restaurant. She cant help but notice that he cant sit still during the meal and is constantly rubbing his left knee, scratching an itch or pulling his earlobe. This type of body language usually indicates:

1. Correspondance inference
2. Emotional arousal
3. Nothing, cant be interpreted without more information
4. Deception

Answer 6

2. Emotional arousal

Large numbers of movements - especially ones in which one body part does something to another (ear pulling, rubbing, scratching) suggests emotional arousal

Fidgeting for example can indicate lying.

Question 7

Emblems convey

1. A specific meaning within a certain culture
2. A specific meaning across many cultures
3. A low level of emotional arousal
4. That a person is cognitively aroused

Answer 7

1. A specific meaning within a certain culture

Emblem: Body movements that carry specific meaning in a given culture

TB pg 95, 2nd paragraph

Question 8

Deception:

Discrepancies between peoples facial expressions and their body language is called ______

Answer 8

Interchannel discrepancies

Question 9

When confronting her partner, Mary noticed he explained himself by starting sentences and stopping and beginning again. He also changed his tone of voice (pitch, rhythem, speed and pattern) did not match the meaning of his words.

This is called

Answer 9

Linguistic Style

Question 10

To obtain information about others traits, motices and intentions, we often engage in _______ This is n effort to understanding WHY people have acted the way they have

Answer 10

Attribution

Question 11

Attribution is subject to bias. The tendency to explain others actions as stemming from dispositions , even in the presence of situational cases is called _______

Answer 11

Correspondence Bias (known as Fundamental Attribution Error)

We consider behaviour to be linked to personality traits

For example, a receptionist greats you with a smile and a friendly attitudes.
Does he/she do this because she loves people and is friendly (disposition) or because this is what the job requires (situation)

Question 12

Attributing our own behaviour to external factors and other people behaviour to internal factors is called ______

Answer 12

Actor observance effect

Question 13

Attributing our own positive outcomes to internal causes but negative outcomes to external causes is called ______

Answer 13

Self serving bias

“If it worked its because of me, if it didnt, its because of something else”

Question 14

According to Jones and Davis, we pay more attention to actions that are ________ in social desirability than actions that are _______ in social desirability

1. High, Low
2. Low, Medium
3. Low, High

Answer 14

3. Low, High

We take not of situations that stand out from the norm

If we see someone hit their child, we take not of their aggression. If we see someone being nice to a pet, we take less note as this is socially desirable

Question 15

The covariation theory focuses on 3 major traits which are _____

Answer 15

1. Consensus (the extent in which people react to this stimulus in the same manner as the person we are evaluating)
2. Consistency (the extent to which the person in reacts to the stimulus or event in the same way on other occasions)
3. Distinctiveness (

Question 16

Most people are concerned about making a good first impression on others because they believe that these impressions will exert lasting, positive effects.

This is called _____

Answer 16

Impression formation

TB pg 122

Question 17

A related aspect to self serving bias is when people perceive themselves as being SOLELY responsible for positive outcomes, this is called ____

Answer 17

Hubris

TB pg 122

Question 18

Impression formation is the process in which

1. Implicit personality theories are recognized
2. We regulate our own behaviour in order to achieve a particular goal
3. We attempt to make favorable impressions on others
4. We form impressions of others

Answer 18

4. We form impressions of others

Impression formation: how we develop views on others

Question 19

Early research conducted by Solomon Asch suggests the presence of central traits , which are ______

1. Clusters of traits that we use to try understand and explain the behaviour of another person
2. Traits that strongly encourage the self serving bias
3. Traits that strongly colour the way we interpret aspects of another person
4. Traits that have a relatively weak effect on our overall impression of another person

Answer 19

3. Traits that strongly colour the way we interpret aspects of another person

Central traits: “Ones that strongly shaped overall impressions of the stranger and coloured the meaning of other adjectives on the list

2 Lists:
Intelligent - skillful - *warm - determined - practical
Intelligent - skillful - *cold - determined - practical

The list containing “warm” made participants see the perons as friendly, good natured
The list containing cold, participants were less likely to see the stranger in the same way

TB pg. 116

Question 20

When our behaviour is not consistent with our attitudes, we call this _____

For example: I dont like SUV’s but when my neighbour asks if I like their new car I say “yes”

Answer 20

Cognitive Dissonance

TB 193