Chap 3: Social Perception Flashcards
The process in which we seek to understand other individuals is called _______
Social Perception
involved the way we gather and analyze information about other people
There are 5 basic channels of non-verbal communication, these are
“P.E.T - B.F”
- Posture
- Eye contact
- Touching
- Body movements
- Facial Expressions
The view that facial expressions can actually trigger emotions is called _____
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
pg97
Deception:
A fleeting facial expression lasting only a few tenths of a second that can reveal deception and can often go unnoticed is called _____
Microexpression
These reactions appear on the face very quickly after an emotion-provoking event that are difficult to suppress
For example: Frowning for less than a second when saying you love a gift from a friend
pg. 100
Deception:
Smiling more frequently than normal or showing over exaggerated amount of interest is called _____
Exaggerated facial expressions
Erins boyfriend has taken her to an exclusive restaurant. She cant help but notice that he cant sit still during the meal and is constantly rubbing his left knee, scratching an itch or pulling his earlobe. This type of body language usually indicates:
- Correspondance inference
- Emotional arousal
- Nothing, cant be interpreted without more information
- Deception
- Emotional arousal
Large numbers of movements - especially ones in which one body part does something to another (ear pulling, rubbing, scratching) suggests emotional arousal
Fidgeting for example can indicate lying.
Emblems convey
- A specific meaning within a certain culture
- A specific meaning across many cultures
- A low level of emotional arousal
- That a person is cognitively aroused
- A specific meaning within a certain culture
Emblem: Body movements that carry specific meaning in a given culture
TB pg 95, 2nd paragraph
Deception:
Discrepancies between peoples facial expressions and their body language is called ______
Interchannel discrepancies
When confronting her partner, Mary noticed he explained himself by starting sentences and stopping and beginning again. He also changed his tone of voice (pitch, rhythem, speed and pattern) did not match the meaning of his words.
This is called
Linguistic Style
To obtain information about others traits, motices and intentions, we often engage in _______ This is n effort to understanding WHY people have acted the way they have
Attribution
Attribution is subject to bias. The tendency to explain others actions as stemming from dispositions , even in the presence of situational cases is called _______
Correspondence Bias (known as Fundamental Attribution Error)
We consider behaviour to be linked to personality traits
For example, a receptionist greats you with a smile and a friendly attitudes.
Does he/she do this because she loves people and is friendly (disposition) or because this is what the job requires (situation)
Attributing our own behaviour to external factors and other people behaviour to internal factors is called ______
Actor observance effect
Attributing our own positive outcomes to internal causes but negative outcomes to external causes is called ______
Self serving bias
“If it worked its because of me, if it didnt, its because of something else”
According to Jones and Davis, we pay more attention to actions that are ________ in social desirability than actions that are _______ in social desirability
- High, Low
- Low, Medium
- Low, High
- Low, High
We take not of situations that stand out from the norm
If we see someone hit their child, we take not of their aggression. If we see someone being nice to a pet, we take less note as this is socially desirable
The covariation theory focuses on 3 major traits which are _____
- Consensus (the extent in which people react to this stimulus in the same manner as the person we are evaluating)
- Consistency (the extent to which the person in reacts to the stimulus or event in the same way on other occasions)
- Distinctiveness (
Most people are concerned about making a good first impression on others because they believe that these impressions will exert lasting, positive effects.
This is called _____
Impression formation
TB pg 122
A related aspect to self serving bias is when people perceive themselves as being SOLELY responsible for positive outcomes, this is called ____
Hubris
TB pg 122
Impression formation is the process in which
- Implicit personality theories are recognized
- We regulate our own behaviour in order to achieve a particular goal
- We attempt to make favorable impressions on others
- We form impressions of others
- We form impressions of others
Impression formation: how we develop views on others
Early research conducted by Solomon Asch suggests the presence of central traits , which are ______
- Clusters of traits that we use to try understand and explain the behaviour of another person
- Traits that strongly encourage the self serving bias
- Traits that strongly colour the way we interpret aspects of another person
- Traits that have a relatively weak effect on our overall impression of another person
- Traits that strongly colour the way we interpret aspects of another person
Central traits: “Ones that strongly shaped overall impressions of the stranger and coloured the meaning of other adjectives on the list
2 Lists:
Intelligent - skillful - *warm - determined - practical
Intelligent - skillful - *cold - determined - practical
The list containing “warm” made participants see the perons as friendly, good natured
The list containing cold, participants were less likely to see the stranger in the same way
TB pg. 116
When our behaviour is not consistent with our attitudes, we call this _____
For example: I dont like SUV’s but when my neighbour asks if I like their new car I say “yes”
Cognitive Dissonance
TB 193
