Chap 3/4

Question 1

Compound light microscope

Answer 1

A microscope that uses light and multiple lenses to magnify small samples

Question 2

Vesicle

Answer 2

A small structure within a cell, consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer

Question 3

Cell theory

Answer 3

1) All living things are made of one or more cells. 2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. 3) All cells arise from existing cells

Question 4

Golgi complex (apparatus)

Answer 4

A set of flattened, membrane-bound sacs that serves as the packaging and distribution center of the cell

Question 5

Cell membrane

Answer 5

Encloses the cell and separates the cell interior from its surroundings

Question 6

Lysosome

Answer 6

Contain the cell’s corrosive enzymes (suicide sacs)

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

The cell interior

Question 8

Mitochondrion

Answer 8

An organelle that harvests energy from organic compounds to make ATP, the main energy currency of cells

Question 9

Prokaryote

Answer 9

A single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other internal compartments

Question 10

Chloroplast

Answer 10

Organelles that use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water

Question 11

Eukaryote

Answer 11

An organism whose cells have a nucleus

Question 12

Chlorophyll

Answer 12

Green pigment that gives plants their green color, and reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates

Question 13

Ribosome

Answer 13

Cellular structures on which proteins are made

Question 14

Central vacuole

Answer 14

Stored water and may contain many substances, including ions, nutrients, and wastes

Question 15

Cell wall

Answer 15

Provides cell membrane with structure and support

Question 16

Organelle

Answer 16

A structure that carries out specific activities in the cell

Question 17

Nucleus

Answer 17

An internal compartment that houses the cell’s DNA

Question 18

Nuclear envelope

Answer 18

Separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and provides the structural framework of the nucleus

Question 19

Cilium

Answer 19

A hairlike structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells

Question 20

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 20

A lipid made of a phosphate group and two fatty acids

Question 21

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 21

Makes lipids and breaks down toxic substances

Question 22

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

Helps transport the proteins that are made by its attached ribosomes

Question 23

Passive transport

Answer 23

Movements across the cell membrane that do not require energy from the cell

Question 24

Concentration gradient

Answer 24

A difference in the concentration of a substance

Question 25

Equilibrium

Answer 25

A condition in which the concentration of a substance is equal throughout a space

Question 26

Diffusion

Answer 26

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration caused by the random motion of particles of the substance

Question 27

Osmosis

Answer 27

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 28

Hypertonic solution

Answer 28

A solution that causes a cell to shrink because of osmosis

Question 29

Hypotonic solution

Answer 29

A solution that causes a cell to swell because of osmosis

Question 30

Flagellum

Answer 30

A long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move

Question 31

Isotonic solution

Answer 31

A solution that produces no change in cell volume because of osmosis

Question 32

A solution that produces no change in cell volume because of osmosis

Answer 32

A transport protein with a polar pore through which ions can pass

Question 33

Carrier protein

Answer 33

Transport protein that can bind to a specific substance on one side of the cell membrane, and release it on the other side

Question 34

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 34

When carrier proteins are used to transport specific substances down their concentration gradient

Question 35

Active transport

Answer 35

The transport of a substance across the cell membrane against its concentration gradient