chap 3 Flashcards
have a true nucleus,
Eukaryotes
DNA is enclosed by a nuclear membrane.
Eukaryotes
eu means
true
caryo refers to
nut or nucleus
Most animal and plant cells are 10 to 30 um in
diameter, about 10 times larger than most prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes
prokaryotes
A typical prokaryote that is cell is about 1 um wide
and 2 to 3 um long
prokaryotes
Reproduction of procaryotic cells
binary fission
simple division of one cell into two cells
binary fission
science of naming, describing and classifying organisms
Taxonomy
taxonomy consists of three separate but
interrelated areas:
classification
nomenclature
identification
arrangement of organisms into taxonomic groups on the basis of similarities or relationships
classification
include kingdoms or domains, divisions
or phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and
species.
taxa (taxon)
the assignment of names to the various taxa
according to international rules.
Nomenclature
example of nomenclature
homo sapiens
determining whether an isolate belongs to one of
the established,
identification
An organism’s complete collection of genes is
referred to as the organism’s
genotype or genome
An organism’s complete collection of physical characteristics is known as the organism’s
phenotype.
genus
first name
specific epithet
second name
genus and specific epithet are used in
the binomial system of nomennclature
genus and specific epithet used together is called
species
abbreviation that is used to designate a single species
sp.
abbreviation that is used to designate more than one species
spp.
sp.: staphylococci
spp:
staphylococcus
sp.:
spp: staphylococcus
staphylococci
sp.: streptococci
spp:
streptococcus
sp.:
spp: streptococcus
streptococci
sp.: clostridia
spp:
clostridium
sp.:
spp: clostridium
clostridia
examples of microbes:
bacillus anthracis
chlamydophila pneumoniae
clostridium tetani
mycobacterium tuberculosis
mycobacterium leprae
vibrio cholerae
who proposed a Five-Kingdom System of Classification
Robert H. Whittaker
Robert H. Whittaker proposed a Five-Kingdom System of Classification in the year
1969
Bacteria and archaea are in the Kingdom:
prokaryote or monera
algae and protozoa are in the kingdom:
protista
organisms in kingdom protista are referred to as
protists
fungi are in the kingdom
fungi
plants are in the kingdom
plantae
animals are in the kingdom
animalia
not included in the Five-Kingdom System of
Classification because they are not living cells;
viruses
viruses are acellular or cellular?
acellular
Three-Domain System are
archaea
bacteria
eucarya
Archaea comes from
archae, meaning
ancient
