CHAP 3 Flashcards
-Designed the Prison of Ghent (Belgium) To rehabilitate rather than to punish.
JEAN JACQUES VILLAIN
-a.k.a “Father of Penitentiary Science”
JEAN JACQUES VILLAIN
-He developed a strict classification of criminals and their segregation
JEAN JACQUES VILLAIN
-were required to line up in close formation with their hands on the shoulders or under the arms of the prisoner in front. The line moved rapidly toward its destination as the prisoners shuffled their feet in unison without lifting them from the ground (means of disciplining an offender)
LOCKSTEP
-The methods used to prevent conversation or communication during after meals were also humiliating, prisoners were required to sit face-to-back. They were given their meager and usually bland and unsavoury meal to eat in silence
LOCKSTEP
- Because this non-stop shuffle was “encouraged” by the use of the lash, any prisoner who fell out of lockstep risked a broken ankle or other serious injury from the steadily objectionable and was punished viciously.
LOCKSTEP
-A development of the various forms of attire to degrade and identify prisoners.
PRISON STRIPES
-Wide alternating black-and-white horizontal bonds were placed on the loose-fitting heavy cotton garments. Stripes were still in use in the South as late as the 1940’s and 1950’s.
PRISON STRIPES
-They have been generally replaced in most security prisons by blue denims or whites. Early prisoners were allowed to wear the same clothing as the free society did.
PRISON STRIPES
came into being during the year 1815 in New York.
PRISON STRIPES
it is where the prisoners are confined in their own cells during the night wherein it involves complete silence was inforced
AUBURN SYSTEM
The rule of absolute silence and non-communication was maintained and enforce by the immediate use of flash for this lightest infraction
AUBURN SYSTEM
-warden of the Auburn and later of Sing Sing (which he built)
ELAM LYNDS
-was one of the most influential persons in the development of early prison discipline in America.
ELAM LYNDS
-He is described as having been a strict disciplinarian who believe that all convicts were cowards who could not be reformed until their spirit was broken.
-To this end he devised a system of brutal punishments and degrading procedures, many of which remained as accepted practice until very recent times
ELAM LYNDS
became the earliest best reform institutions for young/juvenile offenders, located in U.K England, it houses criminals aged 21 yrs old and below
Borstal Institutions of England
-was a Director of English prisons, after visiting Elmira in 1897, opened the Borstal Institution near Rochedi, in Kent.
SIR EVELYN RUGGLES BRISE
-In 1876, the New York State Reformatory at Elmira opened with Z. R. Brockway as superintendent.
ZEBULON BROCKWAY
-He introduced in Elmira a new institutional program for boys from 16 to 30 years of age.
ZEBULON BROCKWAY
☆ He said that the new prisoner should be classified as a 2nd Grade, and was promoted to 1st Grade after the six month of good behaviour. After showing good behaviour, you will be promoted as a 1st grade. Another six months of showing good behaviour as 1st grade is qualified for parole. If qualified in parole, you will be released in the community. If a prisoner committed a misconduct or violated the rule, he was demoted to 3rd grade
ZEBULON BROCKWAY
- He was famous for the establishment of agricultural colony for delinquent boys in France in 1839
FREDERIC- AUGUSTE DEMETZ
-The boys were housed in cottages with house fathers as in charge
FREDERIC- AUGUSTE DEMETZ
-The system was based on re-education rather than force. When discharge the boys were place under the supervision of a patron.
FREDERIC- AUGUSTE DEMETZ
FOUR STAGES OF THE IRISH SYSTEM
- Solitary confinement for 9 months
- Assignment to public works in association with other prisoners
- Work without supervision
- Release of prisoner under certain conditions similar to parole
- isolation of the prisoner in a separate cell
SOLITARY CONFINEMENT
- term with no definite duration
INDETERMINATE SENTENCE
-He is the Chairman of Director of the Irish Prison in 1854 (Ireland)
WALTER CROFTON
-He introduced the Irish System that was modified from the Maconochie’s mark system
WALTER CROFTON
☆ In 1856, he introduced the Irish System later called the Progressive Stage System, it was used the concept in developing the indeterminate sentence/ Irish system
WALTER CROFTON
☆ He reasoned that if the penitentiaries are places where offenders think about the crimes and decide to stop their criminal behaviour then there must be a mechanism to determine that this decision has been in fact made, as well as a mechanism for getting inmate out when penitent has been done
☆ He believe that the indeterminate sentence is the best mechanism
WALTER CROFTON
“When a man keeps the key of his own prison, he soon persuaded to fit into the lock”
-Maconochie
-It is whereby a convict could earn freedom by hard work and good behaviour (this put the burden of the release of the convict)
-It was used to eliminate the so called flat sentence.
MARKS SYSTEM
-a convict needs to serve the minimum sentence of imprisonment in order to be released in community
PAROLE
eliminate the so called flat sentence, a system that allowed a hope of release until the full time has been achieved, until he developed Mark System
Maconochie
-The Superintendent of a penal colony at Norfolk Island in Australia who introduced a progressive humane system to substitute for corporal punishment.
ALEXANDER MACONOCHIE
-When a prisoner earned a required number of marks, he was given his ticket of leave, which is the equivalent of parole.
ALEXANDER MACONOCHIE
-He introduced fair disciplinary trials, built churches, distributed books, allowed plays to be staged, and permitted prisoners to tend small gardens
ALEXANDER MACONOCHIE
-he credited as the “Father of parole”
ALEXANDER MACONOCHIE
- who was the Director of the prisons of Valencia, Spain, in 1835
MANUEL MONTESIMOS
-he divided prisoners into companies and appointed prisoners as petty officers (trusty officers) in charge. Academic classes of one hour a day were given in all inmates under 20 years of age.
MANUEL MONTESIMOS
