CHAP 3 Flashcards
FUNCTIONS OF OLD-AGED CONCEPT OF AN ARTIST FULFILLS
ARTIST RECORD
ARTIST GIVE TANGIBLE FORM TO THE UNKNOWN
ARTIST GIVE TANGIBLE FORM TO FEELINGS
ARTISTS OFFER AN INNOVATIVE WAY OF SEEING
GAMABA MEANING
GAWAD NG MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN
ALSO CALLED GAMABA
NATIONAL LIVING TREASURES AWARD
WHEN IS GAMABA INSTITUTIONALIZED
1992
THEY OVERSEES THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GAMABA
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND ARTS
GAMABA AWARDEES
LANG DULAY
TEOFILO GARCIA
MAGDALENA GAMAYON
EDUARDO MUTUC
SAMAON SULAIMAN
was a textile weaver (T’nalak) from Lake Sebu, South Cotabato. She was awarded in 1998. She died in 2015.
LANG DULAY
hat weaver from San Quintin, Abra. He is known for his kattukong, which can last up to three to four generations if taken care of properly. He received the award in 2012
TEOFILO GARCIA
is a textile weaver from Pinili, Ilocos Norte. She was awarded the Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan Award in 2012.
MAGDALENA GAMAYON
was a musician, particularly a kutyapi player from Mamasapano, Maguindanao. He received the GAMABA Award in 1993. He died in 2011.
SAMAON SULAIMAN
metal smith/metal sculptor from Apalit, Pampanga. He was awarded in 2004.
EDUARDO MUTUC
MEDIUMS OF PAINTING
ENCAUSTIC
MOSAIC
FRESCO
TEMPERA
OIL
PATER
GOUACHE
WATER COLOR
ACRYLIC
the medium for the powdered color is hot wax which is painted onto a wood surface with a brush.
ENCAUSTIC
design is created by small pieces of colored glass, stone, or ceramic (called Tesserae), embedded in wet mortar which has been spread over the surface to be decorated.
MOSAIC
Also known as Buon Fresco or True Fresco, it entails painting on freshly spread, moist plaster. First, layers of plaster are applied to the surface.
FRESCO
EXAMPLES:
The Lamentation by Giotto, The Last Supper by Da Vinci, School of Athens by Raphael, Sistine Chapel paintings by Michelangelo
FRESCO
this method, the pigment is mixed with egg yolk or both the yolk and white of an egg. It is thinned with water and applied to a gesso ground (plaster mixed with a binding) on a panel.
TEMPERA
EXAMPLE: Madonna and Child by Duccio, The Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli
Monalisa by da Vinci, Nude Descending a Staircase by Marcel Duchamp, Whistler’s Mother by James Whistler, The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali
OIL
are the family of colors which have high value and low to ntermediate saturation.
PASTEL
EXAMPLE: Woman Combing Her Hair by Edgar Degas, The Scream by Edvard Munch
water based paint consisting of pigment and other materials designed to be used in an opaque painting method.
GOUACHE
EXAMPLE: SELF-PORTRAIT
Powdered pigments are mixed with gum-arabic or a similar substance that will help them adhere to a surface. The artist then mixes them with water and applies them to a ground, usually paper, with a soft brush.
WATER COLOR
has provided artists an alternative to a very expensive oil paint, with quality which is almost the same as oil
ACRYLIC
MEDIUMS OF SCULPTURE
MARBLE
GRANITE
LIMESTONE
JADE
CLAY
TERRACOTTA
IVORY
WOOD
BRONZE
GOLD AND SILVER
METAL SHEETS/ GALVANIZED IRON
GLASS
MS : is the most beautiful stone medium; used by the Greek sculptors, by Michelangelo in his
Pieta, David, etc., by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in his Ecstasy of St. Theresa.
MARBLE
hard, granular stone suited for bold effects, used for outdoor sculptures.
GRANITE
is used in sarcophagi sculptures
LIMESTONE
semi-precious stone.
JADE
It is used as a modelling material.
CLAY
hard, brittle and transparent, can be blown or cut/carved.
GLASS
MEDIUMS OF MUSIC: HUMAN VOICE
SOPRANO
MEZZO-SOPRANO
CONTRALTO/ALTO
TENOR
BASS
CLASSIFICATION OF SOPRANO
LYRIC SOPRANO
DRAMATIC SOPRANO
COLORATURA SOPRANO
mezzo-soprano has a warm lower register and an agile high register.
coloratura
has a range from approximately the G below middle C (G3) to the A two octaves above middle C (A5).
lyric mezzo-soprano
has a strong medium register, a warm high register and a voice that is broader and more powerful than the lyric and coloratura mezzo-sopranos.
dramatic mezzo-soprano
lighter than a dramatic contralto but not capable of the ornamentation and leaps of a coloratura contralto.
lyric contralto voice
deepest, darkest, and heaviest contralto voice, usually having a heavier tone and more power than the others. Singers in this class are rare.
dramatic contralto
The word _______ came from the Latin word tenere meaning ______.”
TENOR; “TO HOLD”
The word bass is Italian for _____ meaning “low.”
BASSO; LOW
TYPES OF BASS
BASSO PROFONDO - RICH AND LOW
BASSO CANTANTE - SINGING BASS
BASSO BUFFO - COMIC BASS
BASS-BARITONE - BARITONE AND BASS
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO
STRING
WIND
PERCUSSION
KEYBOARD INSTRUMENTS
most numerous in the orchestra, is the most versatile and expressive among the bowed string family.
VIOLIN
slightly larger than a violin, has thicker strings and heavier bow. It is the alto violin, and used more often for harmony. It has warm, rich tones.
VIOLA
larger than viola. It is held between knees, has thicker and heavier strings than viola, and has shorter and heavier bow.
CELLO
the largest member of bowed string family. It is less agile, has limited range of expression, and is used as support supplying the bass tones for the string choir or orchestra.
DOUBLE BASS
are used to be made of wood, which give them their names. But today, they are made of wood, metal, plastic or some combination.
Woodwind instruments
produces silvery, haunting or liquid sound. It is very agile and can play rapid, brilliant scale passages. It produces mellow and ethereal sound in its lower register, while thinner, brilliant sound in its upper register. It has a breathy quality.
FLUTE
small flute, constructed like a flute. It produces shrill and piercing tones especially in its upper range. It is an octave above the flute and the coloratura soprano of the woodwind family.
PICCOLO
has bell-shaped end. It is good in expressive solos, and has a reedy and penetrating sound.
OBOE
a large oboe, it has bulge in its bell, and has slightly lower range and soft, mournful timbre.
ENGLISH HORN
the most versatile among woodwinds. It has a very wide range capable of great expression. It takes the part of the violin in a band.
CLARINET
woodwind instrument in the double reed family that typically plays music written in the bass and tenor clefs, and occasionally the treble.
BASSOON
bass bassoon and a larger version of the bassoon, and an octave lower.
CONTRABASSOON
wind instruments that is usually characterized by a long cylindrical or conical metal tube commonly curved two or more times and ending in a flared bell, that produces tones by the vibrations of the player’s lips against a usually cup-shaped mouthpiece, and that usually has valves or a slide by which the player may produce all the tones within the instrument’s range. It includes trumpet, trombone, tuba, and French horn.
BRASS INSTRUMENTS
often associated with martial songs and battle calls.
TRUMPET
large trumpet which can be a tenor or a bass. Its tone is rich and mellow. It gives out an effect of nobility and grandeur.
TROMBONE
larger than the trumpet with a shorter body and possesses greater agility. The tone is rounder but less brilliant than the trumpet.
CORNET
simply horn, is shaped like a long metal tube with one wide end, wound round in a circle.
FRENCH HORN
the bass of the brass choir. Its tone is like that of the bass trombone but is fuller, richer, and more powerful.
TUBA
sounded by striking, rubbing, shaking, plucking, and scraping. It may be grouped into percussion instruments with definite pitch and percussion instruments with indefinite pitch. It may also be classified into idiophones (own substance vibrates to produce sound such as bells, clappers, rattles) and membranophones (stretched membrane vibrates such as drums).
PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS
a hemispherical copper shell with a stretched calfskin held in place by a metal ring. It is played with two padded sticks and produces a sound of mysterious rumble to a thunderous roll.
KETTLEDRUM
the smallest drum in the orchestra.
SNARE DRUM
like the double bass, is the biggest member of the percussion family and therefore makes the lowest sounds.
BASS DRUM
also known as the tamtam, is a very large metal plate that hangs suspended from a metal pipe. It looks similar to a cymbal and is also untuned, but is much larger and has a raised center. To play it, you hit the center with a soft mallet. Depending on how hard you hit it, you can make a deafening crash or the softest flicker of sound.
GONG
come from Mexico. They are rattles, often made from gourds (a kind of squash), filled with dried seeds, beads or even tiny ball bearings that make them rattle. Maracas can also be made of wood or plastic; the sound they make depends on what they’re made of. To play them, you hold them in your hands and shake.
MARACAS
biggest noisemakers of the orchestra. They are two large metal discs, usually made of spun bronze. Cymbals, which are untuned, come in a range of sizes, from quite small to very large. The larger the cymbal, the lower the sound they make.
CYMBALS
small drum with metal jingles set into the edges. Both the drumhead and the jingles are untuned. To play it, you hold it in one hand and tap, shake or hit it, usually against your other hand.
TAMBOURINE
fun wooden instruments that come from Spain and are used to punctuate the music with a distinctive clickety-clack. These are made of two pieces of wood tied together.
CASTANETS
consists of a series of horizontal tuned metal plates. The player strikes these with mallets producing bright metallic sounds.
GLOKENSPIEL
is made of tuned blocks of wood which produces a dry, crisp timbre when struck.
XYLOPHONE
metal tubes of different lengths that are hung from a metal frame. When you strike the tubes with a mallet, they sound like the ringing bells of a church.
CHIMES
percussion instrument consisting of a set of wooden bars struck with yarn or rubber mallets to produce musical tones. Resonators or pipes suspended underneath the bars amplify their sound.
MARIMBA
small metal bar that’s bent into the shape of a triangle and makes a ringing sound when you hit it. There are many sizes of triangles and each one sounds a different pitch.
TRIANGLE
produce sounds by pressing a series of keys, push buttons, or parallel levers. In most cases, the keys correspond to consecutive notes in the chromatic scale, and they run from the bass at the left to the treble at the right. Examples of these include the piano, organ, celesta, harpsichord, harmonium, accordion, and others.
KEYBOARD INSTRUMENTS
short for Italian word pianoforte, is the most popular and widely used keyboard instrument. It is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700. The strings are struck by hammers
Piano
has a physical property of a wind instrument. Its sound is made by air forced by mechanical
means through pipes. The term comes from a Greek word organon, meaning instrument or tool.
Organ
like a miniature piano. It is sounded when the steel plates are struck by a small hammer
producing bell-like tones.
Celesta
sound is produced by plucking their strings. The plucking mechanism, called jack, rests on the key.
Harpsichord
stringed keyboard instrument, developed from the medieval monochord. It is usually rectangular in shape, and its case and lid were usually highly decorated, painted, and inlaid
Clavichord
It is a common medium for casting, an alloy of copper, tin and zinc, used for outdoor or public sculptures, used by Auguste Rodin, Henry Moore, etc
Bronze
These are precious metals used in making jewelry, medals and coins.
Gold and silver
