CHAP 29

Question 1

The prenatal period begins with _____ and ends _____.

Answer 1

FERTILIZATION, BIRTH

Question 2

Oxytocin:

Answer 2

RESPONSIBLE FOR MILK EJECTION

Question 3

Prolactin:

Answer 3

RESPONSIBLE FOR MILK PRODUCTION

Question 4

Where does fertilization take place?

Answer 4

WIDEST PART OF UTERINE TUBE, AMPULLA

Question 5

Know the “life span” of an oocyte following ovulation and the “life span” of sperm in the female reproductive tract.

Answer 5

OOCYTE: 24 HRS FOLLOWING OVULATION. SPERM: 3-4 DAYS

Question 6

Capacitation:

Answer 6

PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONING UNDERGONE BY SPERM TO BECOME CAPABLE OF FERTILIZING THE SECONDARY OOCYTE

Question 7

Acrosome reaction:

Answer 7

RELEASE OF DIGESTIVE ENZYMES FROM ACROSOMES; ALLOWS SPERM TO PENETRATE ZONA PELLUCIDA

Question 8

Zygote:

Answer 8

SINGLE DIPLOID CELL FORMED

Question 9

Cleavage:

Answer 9

SERIES OF MITOTIC DIVISIONS OF ZYGOTE; INCREASES IN CELL # (not size!)

Question 10

If one sperm passes thru the zona pellucida, what happens to the zona pellucida? What is the purpose of this?

Answer 10

IMMEDIATE HARDENING OF ZONA PELLUCIDA TO PREVENT OTHER SPERM FROM ENTERING SO ONLY ONE SPERM FERTILIZES THE OOCYTE

Question 11

Placenta function?

Answer 11

SITE OF EXCHANGE OF NUTRIENTS, WASTES, & RESPIRATORY GASES; TRANSMITS MATERNAL ANBITBODES

Question 12

What is the connecting stalk?

Answer 12

CONNECTS EARLY EMBRYO TO PLACENTA; PRECURSOR TO UMBILICAL CORD

Question 13

hCG:

Answer 13

SIGNALS REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM THAT IMPLANTATION OCCURRED; PROMOTES MAINTENANCE OF CORPUS LUTEUM; PRODUCES ESTROGEN & PROGESTERONE TO BUILD UTERINE LINING

Question 14

Progesterone & estrogen–first produced by:

Answer 14

CORPUS LUTEUM

Question 15

Progesterone & estrogen–later produced by:

Answer 15

PLACENTA

Question 16

Extraembryonic membranes–what are the three membranes?

Answer 16

YOLK SAC, AMNION, & CHORION

Question 17

YOLK SAC:

Answer 17

1ST TO DEVELOP; SITE FOR EARLY BLOOD CELL & VESSEL FORMATION

Question 18

AMNION:

Answer 18

ENCLOSES ENTIRE EMBRYO IN FLUID-FILLED SAC (AMNIOTIC CAVITY); PROTECTS MEMBRANE FROM DRYING OUT

Question 19

CHORION:

Answer 19

OUTERMOST; EVENTUALLY FORM PLACENTA; CELLS BLEND W/FUNCTIONAL LAYER OF ENDOMETRIUM

Question 20

The fetal period lasts from _____ to _____.

Answer 20

BEGINNING OF 3RD MONTH, BIRTH

Question 21

Know the three phases of fertilization.

Answer 21

PHASE 1: SPERM PENETRATES CORONA RADIATA. PHASE 2: SPERM UNDERGOES ACROSOME REACTION & PENETRATES ZONA PELLUCIDA. PHASE 3: SPERM & OOCYTE PLASMA MEMBRANES FUSE

Question 22

Know the two distinct cell areas of a blastocyst and what those cell areas eventually form.

Answer 22

EMBRYOBLAST: FORM EMBRYO PROPER. TROPHOBLAST: FORM CHORION (MEMBRANE)

Question 23

Where and when does the blastocyst begin to implant?

Answer 23

INTO THE ENDOMETRIUM; END OF THE 1ST WEEK INTO 2ND WEEK

Question 24

Direction of gas diffusion between mother and fetus.

Answer 24

O2 DIFFUSING FROM MATERNAL BLOOD TO FETUS; CO2 DIFFUSING FROM FETAL TO MATERNAL BLOOD

Question 25

What happens during gastrulation?

Answer 25

CELLS OF EPIBLAST FORM 3 PRIMARY GERM LAYERS

Question 26

What are the three embryonic tissues/primary germ layers?

Answer 26

ECTODERM, MESODERM, & ENDODERM

Question 27

ECTODERM:

Answer 27

EPIDERMIS, SENSE ORGANS, NERVOUS SYSTEM, ENAMEL OF TEETH, LENS OF EYE, PITUITARY GLAND

Question 28

MESODERM:

Answer 28

AXIAL SKELETON, SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE, REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM, KIDNEYS, DERMIS, CT, CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Question 29

ENDODERM:

Answer 29

LININGS OF ORGANS

Question 30

Organogenesis: by week 8, what structures are in place?

Answer 30

UPPER/LOWER LIMBS & MOST ORGAN SYSTEMS HAVE RUDIMENTARY FORM

Question 31

Brief understanding of what occurs in each trimester.

Answer 31

1ST: ZYGOTE INTO EARLY EMBRYO, THEN FETUS. 2ND: FETUS GROWTH & EXPANSION OF MATERNAL TISSUE. 3RD: FETUS GROWS RAPIDLY; MOTHER PREPARES FOR DELIVERY