CHAP 22. MEDICAL TERM Flashcards
Itis
Inflammation
Derma
Skin
Aphasia
The partial or complete loss of speech and skills caused by brain injury.
Apraxia
Inability to move the muscles used to speak; usually caused by a brain injury.
Dysarthria
Difficulty in speaking caused by weakness or paralysis in the muscles used for speech.
Presbyopia
Gradual inability to focus on close objects.
Natural lens becomes less flexible.
Normal decline in vision at 40+.
Needs reading glasses
Diabetic Retinopathy
Usually caused by diabetes type 1.
Damage to blood vessels - blood leaks from blood vessels.
New blood vessels grow over retina -> creates scar tissue.
Routine eye exams.
Manage diabetes / Timely treatment.
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the clear membrane that covers the white part of eye and lines the eyelids.
“Pink eye” - redness in the white part of the eye, increases tear production, eye discharge.
Caused by virus, bacteria, allergies.
Contagious+++
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD / ARMD)
Macula (central part of the retina) breaks down, responsible for sharp and central vision.
Most common cause of blindness in people over 35.
Gradual / sudden onset; progressive. No cure.
May retain some peripheral vision.
Cataracts
“Waterfall”
Lens becomes cloudy
S/S : blurring, dimming of vision, diffuclty seeing at night, sensitivity to light.
TX: surgery
Glaucoma
Causes increased pressure in eye -> optic nerve damage.
S/S: tunnel vision, blurred vision, halos around lights.
TX: meds, sugery (aims to prevent further damage).
Cerumen
Ear wax
Temporary hearing impairment
Hearing loss due to build up of cerumen.
Temporary until wax is removed.
Affects both hearing and balance.
Presbycusis
Gradual loss of hearing associated w/ aging.
Changes to inner ear and auditory nerve, no cure.
Hearing aids can help.
Regular checkups are essential for early detection.
Meniere’s disease
Increase of fluid in the inner ear.
- causes pressure in middle ear
- results in vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss.
Impairment
- dizziness can result in a fall.
- chronic illness - symptoms vary.
Tinnitus (occurs in otosclerosis)
Ringing in the ear
Caused by abdominal stimulation of ear structues.
Otosclerosis
Condition where there is an abnormal formation of new bone in the ear.
Results in progressive loss of hearing.
TX: surgery can help.
Shearing
When forces moving in opposite directions are applied to tissues in the body.
Pressure sores
Pressure ulcers.
Any injury caused by unrelieved pressure that usually occurs over a body prominence.
Which is an area when the bone seems to “stick out” and is compressed under the client/between the client’s folds.
Decubitus ulcer
Pressure injury.
Localized skin / soft tissue injury that form as a result of prolonged pressure and shear.
Exerted over bony prominences.
4 major types of wound drainage
Serosanguinous
Sanguineous
Serous
Purulent
Major complications of wounds?
Infection.
Overgrowth of scar tissues - keloid.
Gangrene- tissue death (require amputation.
Bleeding, sepsis, tetanus, etc.
3 Ear components
External ear- outer ear, external auditory canal and ear drum. Hair and oil glands as protection.
Middle ear- air filled cavity. Small bones - malleus, incus and stapes.
Internal ear - (labyrinth) semicircular canals and cochlea - contains receptors for hearing
External ear
Outer ear.
Glands located here secrete Cerumen (ear wax).
S/S of Pressure sores (STAGES)
- Skin is red, color doesnt return to normal when the skin is relieved of pressure.
- Skin cracks, blisters, or peels (shallow crater).
- Skin is gone and underlying tissues are exposed and damaged. (May have drainage).
- Muscles and bones are exposed and damaged. (Drainage is likely)
Skin tear
Break/rip in skin, epidermis separates from the underlying tissue.
Laceration
Open wound w/ torn tissues and jagged edges.
Incision
Open would with clean, straight edges; intential created.
Contusion
Bruise.
Closed would caused bu a blow/hit to the body.
Abrasion
Partial-thickness wound caused by the scaring away or rubbing of skin.
Trauma
An accident/violent act that injuries skin, mucous membranes, bones or internal organs or causes an emotionally painful distressful, or shocking results which often leads to lasting mental / physical effects.
Punture wound
Closed wound causes by a sharp, pointy object, prone to infection; (usually do not bleed a lot).
Penetrating wound
Open wound / varies from superficial puntures to deep penetration of body systems (knife / bullet).
Wound
Injury to living tissue caused bu a cut, blow or other impact, typically one in which thr skin is cut or broken.
Penetrating & Puncture
Prefix
A word element places at the beginning of a word that changes the meaning of the word.
Word element
Part of a word.
OD
Everyday
D/C
Discharge
Auto
Self
Circum
Around
Contra
Against, opposite
Ante
Before, forward, in front of
Anti
Against
Hyper
Excessive, too much, high
Hypo
Under, decreased, less than normal
Hemi
Half
Micro
Small
Anatomical position
The body is standing erect, face forward, arms at the sides and the toes abd palms of hands facing forward.
Superior
Situated above another structure.
The upper part of the body.
Inferior
Situated below another structure.
The lower part of the body.
Anterior
The front surface of the body; often used to indicate the position of one’s structure in relation to another.
What does the Cell require?
Water
Oxygen (breathes)
Nutrients (digests)
Eliminates wastes
Reproduces
4 Main units of the human body?
Cells
Tissues
Oragans
Systems
Chromosomes?
Located inside nucleus.
46 chromosomes in cell.
DNA & Genes & inherited traits.
XX - Female
XY - Male
4 basic types of tissues?
Connective - anchors, connects, supports other tissues
Epithelial - protects/ covers internal and external body surfaces.
Muscle - movement thru contractions.
Nerve - Main component of brain, spinal cord, and all nerve endings in the body.
relay information.
Homeostasis ?
Stable state.
All organs & systems work well together.
Essential for all Organs to function as needed.
Ex. Hot - sweat. Cold - Shiver
Body cavities and types?
Ventral - thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
Dorsal - cranial, spinal
How to divide abdomin cavity?
(using one median sagittal plan & one transverse line)
RUQ - right upper quadrant
LUQ - left upper quadrant
RLQ - right lower quadrant
LLQ - left lower quadrant
Contractures
A permanent tightening of the muscles, tendons, skins, and nearby tissues that causes joints to shorten and become very stiff.
What are the organs of the integumentary system?
Skin
Nails
Hair
Glands (sweat & oil)
Nerves (nerve endings for sensory)
3 layers of skin? (Integumentary system)
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous Fatty Tissue (hypodermis)
Funtions of the Skin?
Provides protection - barrier against mechanical, thermal and physical injury / hazard substances.
Nerve endings -give warning of dangers. Senses heat, cold, touch pain.
Elimination - takes away toxins from body that accumulated from different body funtions.
Regulation of body temperature.
Hair.
Nails.
Sweat glands.
Oil glands.
Nerve endings
