chap 2 vocab quiz Flashcards
atom
the basic unit of matter
nucleus
in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA
electron
negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus
element
pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
compound
substance formed by two or more chemical combinations
ionic bond
chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
covalent bond
type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared
cohesion
attraction between molecules of the same substance
adhesion
attraction between molecules of different substances
mixture
attraction between molecules of the same substance
acid
a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7
base
a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7
solution
type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed
monomer
small chemical unit that makes up a polymer
polymer
molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules
carbohydrate
compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body
lipid
macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes
protein
macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
nucleic acid
macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
amino acid
compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end
chemical reaction
process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals
enzyme
protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions
