chap 2 vocab

Question 1

atom

Answer 1

the basic unit of matter

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA

Question 3

electron

Answer 3

negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus

Question 4

element

Answer 4

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Question 5

compound

Answer 5

substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Question 6

ionic bond

Answer 6

chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Question 7

covalent bond

Answer 7

type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared

Question 8

cohesion

Answer 8

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 9

adhesion

Answer 9

force of attraction between different kinds of molecules

Question 10

mixture

Answer 10

material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

Question 11

acid

Answer 11

a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7

Question 12

base

Answer 12

a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; a solution with a pH of more than 7

Question 13

solution

Answer 13

type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed

Question 14

monomer

Answer 14

small chemical unit that makes up a polymer

Question 15

polymer

Answer 15

molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

Question 16

carbohydrate

Answer 16

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body

Question 17

lipid

Answer 17

macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

Question 18

protein

Answer 18

macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair

Question 19

nucleic acid

Answer 19

macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

Question 20

amino acid

Answer 20

compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end

Question 21

chemical reaction

Answer 21

process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

Question 22

enzyme

Answer 22

protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions