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Chemistry > Chap 2: Matter and the Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Chap 2: Matter and the Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter made up of?

A

Matter is made up of very tiny and discrete particles.

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2
Q

What is matter?

A

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.

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3
Q

In what state can matter exist in?

A

Solid, liquid or gas.

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4
Q

What caused the change in the states of matter?

A

The change in the states of matter is caused by heating or cooling.

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5
Q

Explain simply what happen when solid is heated.

A

When a solid is heated, it absorbs heat energy and changes from solid to liquid and finally to gas.

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6
Q

Explain simply what happen when gas is cooled.

A

When a gas is cooled, it loses energy and changes to liquid and finally to solid.

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7
Q

What are the properties of matter?

A
  1. Arrangement of particles
  2. Attraction force between particles
  3. Kinetic energy or particles
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8
Q

How are the particles arranged when in solid?

A

The particles are arranged in a orderly manner and are packed closely together. The spaces between the particles are very small.

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9
Q

How are the particles arranged in liquid?

A

The particles are arranged disorderly manner and packed slightly loose. Most particles are still in contact with one another.

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10
Q

How are the particles arranged in gas?

A

The particles are randomly arranged and are very far apart from each other.

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11
Q

How is the attraction force between particles in solid?

A

Very strong

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12
Q

How is the attraction force between particles in liquid?

A

Strong but weaker than the forces in solid.

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13
Q

How is the attraction force between particles in gas?

A

Very weak

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14
Q

How is the kinetic energy of particles in solid?

A

Low kinetic energy

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15
Q

How is the kinetic energy of particles in liquid?

A

The kinetic energy is higher than in solid but is lower than in gas.

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16
Q

How is the kinetic energy of particles in gas?

A

Very high kinetic energy

17
Q

What will happen when matter absorbs heat energy?

A

When a matter absorbs heat energy, the kinetic energy of its particles increases. As a result, the particles will move faster.

18
Q

What will happen when matter releases heat energy?

A

When a matter releases heat energy, the kinetic energy of its particles decreases. As a result, the particles will move slower.

19
Q

Describe the reaction of matter during the melting process.

A
  • When a solid is heated, the particles in the solid gain energy. The kinetic energy of the solid particles increases and they vibrate faster.
  • As the temperature increases, the particles vibrate faster until the energy absorbed is enough to overcome the attraction force that hold them at their fixed positions. At this point, the particles can move freely and the solid becomes a liquid.
  • The temperature at this point is called the melting point.
20
Q

Describe the reaction of matter during the boiling process.

A
  • When a liquid is heated, the particles in the liquid gain more energy. The kinetic energy of the liquid particles increases and they move faster.
  • As the temperature increases, the particles move faster until the energy absorbed is enough to overcome the attraction force that hold them at the liquid state. At this point, the particles can move randomly and far apart to become gas.
  • The temperature at this point is called the boiling point.
21
Q

Describe the reaction of matter during the freezing process.

A
  • When a liquid is cooled, the particles lose their energy. The kinetic energy of the liquid particles decreases and they move slower.
  • As the temperature decreases, the particles continues to lose energy and move closer to one another. Stronger attraction force are between particles are formed and finally the particles are arranged in orderly in their fixed positions. At this point, the liquid becomes a solid.
  • The temperature at this point is called the freezing point.
22
Q

Describe the reaction of matter during the condensation process.

A
  • When gas is cooled, the particles in the gas lose their energy. The kinetic energy of the gas particles decreases and their movements slow down.
  • As the temperature decreases, the particles continue to lose energy and stronger attraction force between the particles are formed which pull the particles closer to each other. When the movement of the particles slow enough and the particles become very close, the gas changes to liquid.
23
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Sublimation is the process where a solid changes to its gaseous state without going through liquid state when heat is applied to it.

24
Q

What is deposition?

A

Deposition is the transition of gas to solid state on cooling without going through liquid state.

25
Q

What is an element?

A
  • Element consists of only one type of atom.
  • All elements are made up of particles of atoms or molecules.
26
Q

What is a compounds

A
  • A compound contains two or more elements that are chemically bonded together.
  • All compounds are made up of molecules or ions.
27
Q

According to the heating curve of naphthalene, what happen in AB?

A
  • When naphthalene is heated, its particles absorbs heat energy.
  • It will cause the particles to gain kinetic energy.
  • The particles vibrate faster.
  • The temperature increases from point A to B.
28
Q

According to the heating curve of naphthalene, what happen in BC?

A
  • At point B, the naphthalene starts to melt.
  • Heat energy absorbed by the particles is used to overcome the attraction force between the particles so that the solid can turn into liquid. (not to increase the kinetic energy of the particles)
  • Temperature of the naphthalene remains constant even though heating continues.
  • At this temperature, both solid and liquid are present.
  • At point C, naphthalene has melted.
29
Q

According to the heating curve of naphthalene, what happen in CD?

A
  • From point C to D, the liquid naphthalene is heated continuously.
  • The liquid particles absorb heat energy.
    It will cause the particles to gain kinetic energy and move faster.
  • Temperature increases from point C to D.
30
Q

According to the cooling curve of naphthalene, what happen in PQ?

A
  • From point P to Q, the liquid naphthalene is cooled continuously.
  • Liquid particles lose heat energy to the surroundings.
    It will cause the particles to lose kinetic energy and move slower.
  • Temperature decreases from point P to Q.
31
Q

According to the cooling curve of naphthalene, what happen in QR?

A
  • At point Q, the liquid starts to freeze.
  • During the freezing process, the particles liberate heat energy as the particles attract one another to form solid.
  • At the same time, the liquid also loses heat to the surroundings.
  • The heat lost to the surrounding is exactly balanced by the heat energy liberated as the particles attract one another to form stronger attraction force so that the liquid can turn into solid.
  • Temperature of the naphthalene remains constant even though cooling continues.
  • This constant temperature is called the freezing point of the substances.
  • At this temperature, both liquid and solid are present.
32
Q

According to the cooling curve of naphthalene, what happen in RS?

A
  • From point R to S, the solid naphthalene is cooled continuously.
  • Solid particles lose heat energy to the surroundings.
  • It will cause the particles to lose kinetic energy and move slower.
  • Temperature decreases from point R to S.
33
Q

What does it means by melting point?

A

Melting point is the temperature at which the substance at its solid state changes to liquid state at certain pressure.

34
Q

What does it means by boiling point?

A

Boiling point is the temperature at which the substance at its liquid state changes to gaseous state at certain pressure.

35
Q

What does it means by freezing point?

A

Freezing point is the temperature at which the substance at its liquid state changes to solid state at certain pressure.

Chemistry (2 decks)

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