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Psych. Class > Chap. 2 > Flashcards

Chap. 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the basic elements of the nervous system?

A

Neurons

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1
Q

Why do psychologist study the brain and nervous system?

A

They help control behavior and other functions.

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2
Q

How does the nervous system communicate electrical and chemical messages from one part to another?

A

When the neuron receives a signal it fires an action potential and a signal moves from one side of the axon to the other.

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3
Q

How are the structures of the nervous system linked together?

A

The peripheral and central nervous system

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4
Q

How does the endocrine system affect behavior?

A

The endocrine secrets hormones that control emotions and etc. via the bloodstream

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5
Q

How do researchers identify the major parts of the brain?

A

Brain scans take snapshots of the brain

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6
Q

What are the major parts of the brain?

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary gland
  • Pons
  • Reticular formation
  • Spinal Cord
  • Corpus callosum
  • Thalamus
  • Cerebellum
  • Medulla
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7
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Responsible for regulating biological needs

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8
Q

Pituitary gland

A

“Master gland” that regulates other endocrine glands

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9
Q

Pons

A

Involved in sleep and arousal

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10
Q

Reticular formation

A

A network of neurons related to sleep arousal and attention

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11
Q

Spinal cord

A

Responsible for communication of the brain and the rest of the body; involved with simple reflexes

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12
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Bridge of fibers passing information between the two cerebral hemispheres

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13
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay center for cortex; handles incoming and outgoing signals

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14
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls bodily balance

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15
Q

Medulla

A

Responsible for regulating largely unconscious functions such as breathing and circulation

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16
Q

Dendrite

A

A cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons

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17
Q

How can an understating of the nervous system help us find ways to alleviate disease and pain?

A

By using biofeed which is the procedure in which a person learns to use there mental processes to control functions which were previously thought to function involuntary

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18
Q

Behavioral neuroscientists

A

Psychologists who specialize in considering the ways in which the biological structures and functions of the body affect behavior

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19
Q

Terminal buttons

A

Small bulges at the end of axons that send messages to other neurons

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20
Q

All or none law

A

The rule that neurons are either on or off

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21
Q

Action potential

A

An electric nerve impulse that travels through a neuron when it is set off by a trigger changing the neurons from negative to positive

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22
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cells; the basic elements of the nervous system

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23
Q

Axon

A

The part of the neuron that carries messages destined for other neurons

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24
Q

Myelin sheath

A

A protective coat of fat and protein that wraps around a neuron

25
Q

Resting state

A

The stage in which there is a negative electrical charge of about 270 milliwatts within a neuron

26
Q

Synapse

A

The space between 2 neurons where the axon of a sending neuron communicates with the dendrites of a receiving neuron

27
Q

Reuptake

A

The reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a terminal button

28
Q

What is the fundamental part of the nervous system?

A

The neuron

29
Q

Neurons receive information through their _____ and send messages through their ____.

A

Dendrite; axon

30
Q

Just as electrical wires have an outer coating, axons are insulated by a coating called the _____.

A

Myelin sheath

31
Q

The gap between two neurons is bridged by a chemical connection called a ______.

A

Synapse

32
Q

Endorphins are one kind of _____; the chemical messengers between neurons.

A

Neurotransmitter

33
Q

The central nervous system is composed of the ____ and the _____.

A

Brain; spinal cord

34
Q

In the peripheral nervous system, the _____ division control voluntary movements, whereas the _____ division controls organs that keep us alive and functioning without awareness.

A

Somatic; autonamic

35
Q

The increasing complexity and hierarchy of the nervous system over millions of years is the subject of study for researchers working in the field of _____.

A

Evolutionary psychology

36
Q

Central nervous system

A

The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord

37
Q

Reflex

A

Unlearned, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli

38
Q

The emerging field of _____ studies ways in which our genetic inheritance predisposes us to behave in certain ways.

A

Behavioral genetics

39
Q

Motor neurons

A

Neurons that communicate information from the nervous system to muscles and glands

40
Q

Somatic division

A

The part of the peripheral nervous system that specializes in the control of voluntary movements and the communication of information to and from the sense organ

41
Q

Endocrine system

A

A central communication network that send messages through out the body via the blood stream

42
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Neurons that transmit information from the perimeter of the body to the central nervous system

43
Q

Interneuron

A

Neurons that connect sensory and motor neurons, carrying messages between the two

44
Q

Sympathetic division

A

Part of the autonomic division of the nervous system that acts to prepare the body for action in stressful situations, engaging all the organism’s resources to respond to the threat

45
Q

Hormones

A

Chemicals that circulate through the blood and regulate the functions and growth of the body

46
Q

Behavioral genetics

A

The study of the affects of heredity on behavior

47
Q

Each hemisphere of the brain controls the ______ side of the body.

A

Opposite

48
Q

Nonverbal realms, such as emotions and and music, are controlled primarily by the _______ side of the brain whereas the ______ hemisphere is more responsible for speaking and reading.

A

Light; right

49
Q

Central core

A

“Old brain”; controls basic functions such as sleeping and eating and is common to all vertebrates

50
Q

Lobes

A

Four major sections of the cerebral cortex: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital

51
Q

Motor areas

A

The part of cortex that is largely responsible for the body’s voluntary movements

52
Q

Hemispheres

A

Symmetrical left and right halves of the brain that controls the opposite side of the body to their locations

53
Q

Association areas

A

One of the major regions of the cerebral cortex; the sight of higher mental processes such as thought, language, memory, and speech

54
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

Changes in the brain that occur through out the life span relating to the addition of new neurons and the reorganization of mental processes

55
Q

Reticular formation

A

The part of the brain extending from the medulla through the pons and made up of groups of nerve cells that can immediately activate other parts of the brain to produce general body arousal

56
Q

Limbic system

A

The part of the brain that controls eating, aggression, and reproduction

57
Q

Sensory area

A

Site in the brain tissue that corresponds to each of the senses and to the degree tissues experience them

58
Q

Lateralization

A

Seminar of one hemisphere of the brain in specific functions

59
Q

Biofeedback

A

A procedure in which a person learns to control through conscious thought internal processes

Psych. Class (1 decks)

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