Chap 2

Question 1

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

amount of matter in an object

Answer 2

mass

Question 3

gravitational force acting on object of a given mass

Answer 3

weight

Question 4

smallest particle of an element

Answer 4

atom

Question 5

+charge, inside nucleus

Answer 5

proton

Question 6

• charge, outside nucleus

Answer 6

electron

Question 7

neutral, inside nucleus

Answer 7

neutron

Question 8

tendency of particles to be attracted to each other or repulsed from each other

Answer 8

electrical charge

Question 9

two types of electrical charge

Answer 9

positive and negative

Question 10

protons and neutrons are found in the center of the atom

Answer 10

nucleus

Question 10

an element is determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons of each atom

Answer 10

mass number

Question 10

where electrons are found and are constantly orbiting the nucleus

Answer 10

electron cloud

Question 11

number of protons in each atom

Answer 11

atomic number

Question 12

two or more forms of the same element that have the same number of protons and electrons, but have a different number of neutrons

Answer 12

isotopes

Question 13

interaction between atoms to molecules by either sharing or transferring their outermost electrons and these atoms are called

Answer 13

chemical bonds

Question 14

the energy levels that are often drawn as concentric rings around the nucleus

Answer 14

electron shells

Question 15

the innermost shell must contain how many electrons

Answer 15

2

Question 16

remaining shell shld contain how many electrons

Answer 16

8

Question 17

outermost shell

Answer 17

valence

Question 18

if an atom’s valence shell is not at its maximum, it will form bonds with other atoms to achieve a full valence shell

Answer 18

octet

Question 19

the tendency of atoms to combine with other atoms until each has 8 electrons in its valence shell

Answer 19

octet rule

Question 20

atoms achieve an octet in one of two ways

Answer 20

1. transferring electrons between atoms
2. sharing electrons between atoms

Question 21

when an atom can donate electrons to or gain electrons from other atoms, the number of protons and electrons are no longer equal, a charged particle called —- is formed

Answer 21

ion

Question 22

forms when electrons are transferred between atoms, creating oppositely charges atoms

Answer 22

ionic bond

Question 23

when atoms share one or mare pairs of electrons

Answer 23

covalent bond

Question 24

result of combining atom

Answer 24

molecule

Question 25

forms when the electrons are shared equally between the nuclei, bcs the electrons have the same attraction to each nucleus

Answer 25

nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 26

form when two hydrogen atoms are held together by a nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 26

non polar molecule

Question 27

forms when two atoms involved in a covalent bond have diff electronegativity

Answer 27

polar covalent bond

Question 28

the results of polar covalent bonds which are electrically assymeytic

Answer 28

polar molecules