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Organic Chemistry > Chap 18 > Flashcards

Chap 18 Flashcards

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0
Q

What can be created from 1,3 dithiane ?

A

Keytones and aldehydes

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1
Q

1,3-dithiane is a cyclic ring with what two atoms a the 1 and 3 positions

A

Sulfur

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2
Q

The first step in creating a keytone with 1,3 dithiane is

A

Removing a hydrogen with a strong base

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3
Q

After removing a hydrogen from 1,3 dithiane what must be done to the anion to create a keytone?

A

Alkyl halides are added to mixture so the anions will attack the alkyl group

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4
Q

What reagents must be added to the alkylated dithiane to create a keytone.

A

H+

Mercury dichlorate ( HgCl2)

H2O

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5
Q

What’s the first step in creating a keytone from a Carboxylic acid

A

Removing the hydrogen form the acid and creating a lithium complex in its place.

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6
Q

What compound can be used in the first step to create a keytone from a Carboxylic acid

A

Methyl lithium

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7
Q

The second step of the Carboxylic acid to keytone consists of

A

Adding a alkyl group to to the central carbon with an Organo lithium or grignard.

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8
Q

After adding an alkyl group what must be done to create a germinal diol

A

Addition of the oxygens with acid

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9
Q

The last step of the Carboxylic acid to keytone reaction is

A

The geminal diol reconfiguring to a keytone

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10
Q

What is the first step in creating Keytones from alkyl nitriles

A

Addition of anlkyl group to the 1carbon of the nitrile with a grignard

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11
Q

After adding a grignard to the nitrile what is the last step in creating the keytone

A

Addition of H3O+

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12
Q

What are the reagents for creating a keytone from an alkyl nitrile

A

Grignard reagent
Alkyl nitrile
H3O+

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13
Q

Acid chloride can be reduced to an aldehyde with what long complex reactant

A

Lithium tri-tert- butoxyaluminiumhydride ( Li+ -AlH(O-t-Bu)3 )

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14
Q

Acid chloride can be reduced to a keytone with what

A

Lithium dialkylculprates ( R2 CuLi)

R = any alkyl group.

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15
Q

What is the main point of a witting reaction

A

Converts Keytones and aldehydes to alkenes

16
Q

The witting reaction uses what reactants

A

Keytone or aldehyde

Ylide

17
Q

What is a ylide

A

Tri phenyl phosphorus stabilized Carbanion

18
Q

What is involved in a ylide synthesis

A

Tri phenyl phosphine attacks an alkyl halide to produce a phosphonium salt.

A strong base ( butyl lithium) reacts with the salt to produce the ylide

19
Q

In acid conditions H2O and an aldehyde or keytone create what

A

Keytone hydrate

20
Q

What compound is the hydrate of a keytone

A

Germinal diol

21
Q

A hydrate can be created in basic conditions with

A

-OH

22
Q

What reactants for a cyanohydrin

A

Aldehyde or Keytones

Cynide -CN

23
Q

Imine synthesis is a result of what reagents

A

Keytones or aldehyde

Ammonia( NH3)
Alkyl amine  (R-NH2)
24
Q

Formation of acetals and Keytols requires

A

2 equivalents of alcohol
Keytone or aldehydes
H+

25
Q

A ketone and One equivalent of alcohol will produce what

A

Hemiketol

26
Q

What is the product a diol and an aldehyde

A

Cyclic acetal

27
Q

Ramey Ni will reduce a Keytones to what

A

Alcohol

28
Q

Clemmonson reduction requires what reactants

A

Zn(Hg)
HCl
H2O

29
Q

What is hydrazine

A

Carbon double bonded to a nitrogen which is attached to an amine

30
Q

What is the purpose of a wolf kisher reduction.

A

Fully reduce a Keytone to a methyl

31
Q

Silver oxide. (Ag2O). Is what

A

Oxidizing agent.

32
Q

Wolff kisher reduction requires how many steps.

A

2

33
Q

What is the first step of the kisher reduction

A

Addition of a di amine to a Keytone to produce hydrzone

34
Q

The second step of the kisher reduction is to

A

Remove the di amine witha strong base

35
Q

What is created after the second step of the kisher reduction

A

Fully reduced Keytone.

36
Q

Trolleys test looks for what in an unknown mixture

A

Aldehydes

37
Q

What is used is a tollens test

A

2 Ag(NH2)2

3 OH-

38
Q

How does the tollens test confirm there is aldehydes

A

Create a silver mirror effect

Organic Chemistry (8 decks)

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