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Medical Transcription, Ettinger > Chap 14, Neurology and Psychiatry, Terms Bank > Flashcards

Chap 14, Neurology and Psychiatry, Terms Bank Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abduction (n)

A

the lateral movement of a limb away from the median plane of the body

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2
Q

adenopathy (n)

A

swelling and morbid change in lymph nodes

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3
Q

agnosia (n)

A

unable to perceive or recognize sensory stimuli

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4
Q

agraphia (n)

A

impairment of the ability to write

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5
Q

akinesis (n)

A

an extrapyramidal disorder causing a loss of power to perform voluntary movements

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6
Q

amnesia (n)

A

a disturbance of long-term memory; total or partial inability to recall past experiences

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7
Q

angiography (n)

A

an x-ray taken after a radiopaque dye is given to visualize the vessels

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8
Q

anticonvulsant (n)

A

a therapeutic agent that prevents seizures

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9
Q

aphasia (n)

A

difficulty with using and understanding words

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10
Q

aphonia (n)

A

loss of the voice as a result of disease or injury

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11
Q

arachnoid (n)

A

the middle of the three membranes covering the brain; it is a delicate fibrous membrane, resembling a cobweb

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12
Q

astereognosis (n) [a-steer-ee-og-nO-sis]

A

loss of the ability to judge the form of an object by touch

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13
Q

asymmetry (n)

A

lack of symmetry of parts or organs on opposite sides of body

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14
Q

ataxia (n)

A

muscular incoordination

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15
Q

atrophy (n)

A

a decrease in size of a part or organ; a wasting away of tissue as a result of disuse, radiation therapy, surgery, disease

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16
Q

aura (n)

A

a sensation, as of light or warmth, that may precede an attack of migraine or a seizure

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17
Q

auscultation (n) [aws-kul-tay-shun]

A

act of listening through a stethoscope to body sounds, including lungs, heart, and abdomen

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18
Q

axial (adj.)

A

situated in or relating to an axis

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19
Q

Babinski reflex (n) [bab-in-skeez ree-fleks]

A

an extension or moving of the big toe upward or toward the head, with the other toes fanned out and extended when the sole of the foot is stimulated

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20
Q

Brudzinski sign (n)

A

in meningitis, if a leg is passively flexed, a similar movement occurs in the other leg; if the neck is passively flexed, the legs also flex

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21
Q

bruit (n), [broo-ee/broot]

A

an adventitious sound of venous or arterial origin heard on auscultation

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22
Q

adventitious

A

happening or carried on according to chance rather than design or inherent nature

in biology formed accidentally or in an unusual anatomical position

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23
Q

causalgia (n)

A

burning pain, usually associated with peripheral nerve damage

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24
Q

central nervous system (CNS), (n)

A

portion of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord

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25
Q

cephalalgia (n)

A

headache

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26
Q

cerebellar (adj.)

A

relating to the cerebellum, the part of the brain concerned with the coordination and control of voluntary muscular activity

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27
Q

cerebrospinal (adj.)

A

relating to the brain and spinal cord

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28
Q

cerebrovascular (adj.)

A

relating to the blood vessels of the brain, especially to pathological changes

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29
Q

Chvostek sign (n)

A

an abnormal spasm of facial muscles when the facial nerve is tapped lightly

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30
Q

clonus (n)

A

abnormal condition in which a skeletal muscle alternately contracts and relaxes

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31
Q

concussion (n)

A

an injury of a soft structure, as the brain, resulting from a blow or violent shaking

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32
Q

coprolalia (n), [kOp-rO-lay-lee-a

A

involuntary utterance of obscene words, often seen in Tourette syndrome

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33
Q

corneal (adj.)

A

the clear, transparent, anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye composing about one-sixth of its surface

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34
Q

coronal (adj.)

A

pertaining to a corona, a structure resembling a crown

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35
Q

cortex (n)

A

an outer part of an organ, such as the brain

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36
Q

cortical (adj.)

A

relating to a cortex

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37
Q

craniotomy (n)

A

surgical opening into the skull, performed to control bleeding, remove tumors, relieve pressure inside the cranium, or insert electrodes for diagnosis

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38
Q

cranium (n)

A

the bony skull that holds the brain

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39
Q

cyanosis (n)

A

a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, occurring when the oxygen in the blood is sharply diminished, as in carbon monoxide poisoning

40
Q

decompression (n)

A

removal of bone to relieve pressure

41
Q

delusion (n)

A

belief in something in spite of incontrovertible evidence

42
Q

dementia (n)

A

a general mental deterioration due to organic or psychological factors

43
Q

Dexedrine (n)

A

brand name for dextroamphetamine, a CNS stimulant

44
Q

dextroamphetamine (n)

A

a CNS stimulant

45
Q

diffuse

A

spreading, scattered

46
Q

Dilantin (n)

A

brand name for phenytoin, used for the prevention and management of seizures

47
Q

phenytoin (n)

A

used for the prevention and management of seizures

48
Q

diplopia (n)

A

double vision

49
Q

dorsum (n)

A

the back or posterior surface of a part

50
Q

dural (adj.)

A

pertaining to the dura mater, the outer membrane covering the spinal cord and brain

51
Q

dura mater (n)

A

the outermost of the three membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord; it is tough and fibrous

52
Q

dyseidetic (adj.)

A

inability to visualize and recall objects (words) previously seen

53
Q

dyslexia (n)

A

impairment of ability to read in which letters and words are reversed

54
Q

dysphonetic (adj.)

A

inability to connect sounds to objects (words)

55
Q

dysphoria (n)

A

mood characterized by anxiety, depression, discontent

56
Q

echolalia (n)

A

involuntary repetition of a word or sentence just spoken by another person

57
Q

electrophoresis (n)

A

the movement of charged suspended particles through a liquid medium in response to changes in an electric field; for example, a hemoglobin electrophoresis measures the types of hemoglobin in the blood

58
Q

encephalopathy (n)

A

disease or dysfunction of the brain

59
Q

encopresis (n)

A

inability to control bowel movements, fecal incontinence

60
Q

epilepsy (n)

A

convulsive disorder

61
Q

epileptiform (adj.)

A

having the form of epilepsy

62
Q

erythema (n)

A

abnormal redness of the skin resulting from dilation of the capillaries, as occurs in sunburn

63
Q

euthymic (adj.)

A

characterized by moderation of mood

64
Q

exotropia (n)

A

outward turning of one eye relative to the other

65
Q

extensor (n)

A

muscle that, when flexed, causes extension of a joint or straightening of an arm or leg

66
Q

extraocular (adj.)

A

outside the eye

67
Q

fissures (n)

A

deep grooves in the brain

68
Q

flexor (n)

A

muscle that bends a joint

69
Q

fundus (n)

A

that part of the interior of the eyeball exposed to view through the ophthalmoscope; fundi (pl.)

70
Q

funduscopic (adj.)

A

the examination of the ocular fundus with an ophthalmoscope

71
Q

gadolinium (n)

A

a rare earth metallic element

72
Q

ganglion (n)

A

a group of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system

73
Q

Glasgow coma scale (n)

A

a clinical scale to assess impaired consciousness; assessment includes motor responsiveness, verbal performance, and eye opening

74
Q

glial cells (n)

A

cells of the nervous system with functions other than transmitting signals

75
Q

glove-stocking anesthesia (n)

A

glove or gauntlet anesthesia is loss of sensation in the hand; stocking anesthesia is loss of sensation in the area covered by a stocking

76
Q

grand mal (seizure) (n)

A

generalized tonic-clonic seizure

77
Q

hallucination (n)

A

the sensory perception (see, hear, smell, or taste) of something that does not actually exist or has not actually occurred

78
Q

hematocrit (n)

A

a measure of the packed cell volume of red cells

79
Q

hemiparesis (n)

A

muscular weakness of one half of the body

80
Q

hemoglobin (n)

A

the iron-containing pigment of the red blood cells

81
Q

hepatosplenomegaly (n)

A

enlargement of both liver and spleen

82
Q

hippocampus (n)

A

structure within the brain

83
Q

hydrocephalus (n)

A

an excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain

84
Q

hyperesthetic (adj.)

A

characterized by acute sensitivity to pain or other stimuli

85
Q

hyperreflexia (n)

A

a condition marked by exaggerated deep tendon reflexes

86
Q

hypometabolism (n)

A

lowered metabolism

87
Q

hypnotic (n)

A

an agent which brings on sleep

88
Q

ichthyosis (n)

A

condition in which the skin is dry and scaly, resembling fish skin

89
Q

ictal (adj.)

A

referring to the onset of a seizure

90
Q

icteric (adj.)

A

pertaining to jaundice

91
Q

interictal (adj.)

A

between seizures

92
Q

ischemia (n)

A

decreased blood supply due to obstruction, such as narrowing of the blood vessels

93
Q

lethargy (n)

A

state of sluggishness, stupor, unresponsiveness

94
Q

lobectomy (n)

A

surgical procedure in which a lobe is removed (thyroid, brain, liver, and lungs are divided into lobes)

95
Q

lymphadenopathy (n)

A

disease of the lymph nodes

96
Q

mania (n)

A

a psychiatric disorder characterized by restlessness, euphoria, grandiosity, and poor judgment with symptoms of insomnia, rapid speech, and distractibility

Medical Transcription, Ettinger (3 decks)

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