CHAP 14 BRAIN Flashcards
What are the major subdivisions of the brain?
- Cerebral Hemispheres
- Diencephalon
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum
What are the anatomical landmarks of the brain?
-Ridges (gyrus), -shallow grooves (sulcus), and
-deep grooves (fissures),
-ventricles (spaces)
What is the difference between a gyrus and a sulcus?
A gyrus is a bump in the brain, a sulcus is a groove.
What are the five lobes?
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
- Insula
Which side is the rostral side of the brain?
toward the front; ‘anterior’ is a synonym
Where is gray matter located in the brain?
in the outermost layer
Where is white matter located?
deeper tissues of the brain
What are the meninges of the brain?
(inner) pia mater. (middle) arachnoid
(outer) dura mater.
What are the functions of the meninges
to protect the central nervous system.
The pia mater is the meningeal envelope that firmly adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord.
What are the fluid filled chambers within the brain?
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What kind of support does CSF provide?
Mechanical support acting as a shock absorber, and transporting nutrients and waste products
Where is CSF produced?
produced in the ventricles of the brain by the choroid plexus in each lateral ventricle and circulates through the brain and spinal cord in a continuous flow
What location allows CSf to be reabsorbed into venous blood of dural venous sinuses?
At arachnoid villi
Name the three major components of the diencephalon
the thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the epithalamus
where is the thalamus located and its function?
It is above the midbrain.
It is the body’s relay station.
All information from your body’s senses (except smell) must be processed through your thalamus before being sent to your brain’s cerebral cortex for interpretation.
Your thalamus also plays a role in sleep, wakefulness, consciousness, learning and memory
where is the hypothalamus located and its function?
The hypothalamus is a structure deep within your brain. It’s the main link between your endocrine system and your nervous system. Your hypothalamus keeps your body balanced in a stable state called homeostasis.
where is the epithalamus located and its function?
The epithalamus is a dorsal posterior segment of the diencephalon. A main function of the epithalamus is the secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland.
Where is melatonin secreted?
Pineal gland
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
The frontal lobe is involved in reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language.
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
sensory perception and integration, including the management of taste, hearing, sight, touch, and smell
what is the function of the temporal lobes
interpreting sounds from the ears and plays a significant role in recognizing and using language.
what is the function of the occipital lobes
visual perception, including colour, form and motion.
discuss the functional differences between the right and left cerebral hemispheres
the left hemisphere or side of the brain is responsible for language and speech. Because of this, it has been called the “dominant” hemisphere.
The right hemisphere plays a large part in interpreting visual information and spatial processing.
list the 12 cranial nerves by name and number
Olfactory nerve (CN I), optic nerve (CN II), oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), trigeminal nerve (CN V), abducens nerve (CN VI), facial nerve (CN VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), and hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
State the major functions of each cranial nerve
1.Olfactory nerve: Sense of smell.
2.Optic nerve: Ability to see.
3.Oculomotor nerve: Ability to move and blink your eyes.
4.Trochlear nerve: Ability to move your eyes up and down or back and forth.
5.Trigeminal nerve: Sensations in your face and cheeks, taste and jaw movements.
6.Abducens nerve: Ability to move your eyes.
7.Facial nerve: Facial expressions and sense of taste.
8.Auditory/vestibular nerve: Sense of hearing and balance.
9.Glossopharyngeal nerve: Ability to taste and swallow.
10.Vagus nerve: Digestion and heart rate.
11.Accessory nerve (or spinal accessory nerve): Shoulder and neck muscle movement.
12. Hypoglossal nerve: Ability to move your tongue.
