CHAP 14 BRAIN

Question 1

What are the major subdivisions of the brain?

Answer 1

1. Cerebral Hemispheres
2. Diencephalon
3. Brainstem
4. Cerebellum

Question 2

What are the anatomical landmarks of the brain?

Answer 2

-Ridges (gyrus), -shallow grooves (sulcus), and
-deep grooves (fissures),
-ventricles (spaces)

Question 3

What is the difference between a gyrus and a sulcus?

Answer 3

A gyrus is a bump in the brain, a sulcus is a groove.

Question 4

What are the five lobes?

Answer 4

1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Temporal
4. Occipital
5. Insula

Question 5

Which side is the rostral side of the brain?

Answer 5

toward the front; ‘anterior’ is a synonym

Question 6

Where is gray matter located in the brain?

Answer 6

in the outermost layer

Question 7

Where is white matter located?

Answer 7

deeper tissues of the brain

Question 8

What are the meninges of the brain?

Answer 8

(inner) pia mater. (middle) arachnoid
(outer) dura mater.

Question 9

What are the functions of the meninges

Answer 9

to protect the central nervous system.
The pia mater is the meningeal envelope that firmly adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 10

What are the fluid filled chambers within the brain?

Answer 10

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 11

What kind of support does CSF provide?

Answer 11

Mechanical support acting as a shock absorber, and transporting nutrients and waste products

Question 12

Where is CSF produced?

Answer 12

produced in the ventricles of the brain by the choroid plexus in each lateral ventricle and circulates through the brain and spinal cord in a continuous flow

Question 13

What location allows CSf to be reabsorbed into venous blood of dural venous sinuses?

Answer 13

At arachnoid villi

Question 14

Name the three major components of the diencephalon

Answer 14

the thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the epithalamus

Question 15

where is the thalamus located and its function?

Answer 15

It is above the midbrain.
It is the body’s relay station.
All information from your body’s senses (except smell) must be processed through your thalamus before being sent to your brain’s cerebral cortex for interpretation.
Your thalamus also plays a role in sleep, wakefulness, consciousness, learning and memory

Question 16

where is the hypothalamus located and its function?

Answer 16

The hypothalamus is a structure deep within your brain. It’s the main link between your endocrine system and your nervous system. Your hypothalamus keeps your body balanced in a stable state called homeostasis.

Question 17

where is the epithalamus located and its function?

Answer 17

The epithalamus is a dorsal posterior segment of the diencephalon. A main function of the epithalamus is the secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland.

Question 18

Where is melatonin secreted?

Answer 18

Pineal gland

Question 19

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 19

The frontal lobe is involved in reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language.

Question 20

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 20

sensory perception and integration, including the management of taste, hearing, sight, touch, and smell

Question 21

what is the function of the temporal lobes

Answer 21

interpreting sounds from the ears and plays a significant role in recognizing and using language.

Question 22

what is the function of the occipital lobes

Answer 22

visual perception, including colour, form and motion.

Question 23

discuss the functional differences between the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Answer 23

the left hemisphere or side of the brain is responsible for language and speech. Because of this, it has been called the “dominant” hemisphere.

The right hemisphere plays a large part in interpreting visual information and spatial processing.

Question 24

list the 12 cranial nerves by name and number

Answer 24

Olfactory nerve (CN I), optic nerve (CN II), oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), trigeminal nerve (CN V), abducens nerve (CN VI), facial nerve (CN VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), and hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

Question 25

State the major functions of each cranial nerve

Answer 25

1.Olfactory nerve: Sense of smell.
2.Optic nerve: Ability to see.
3.Oculomotor nerve: Ability to move and blink your eyes.
4.Trochlear nerve: Ability to move your eyes up and down or back and forth.
5.Trigeminal nerve: Sensations in your face and cheeks, taste and jaw movements.
6.Abducens nerve: Ability to move your eyes.
7.Facial nerve: Facial expressions and sense of taste.
8.Auditory/vestibular nerve: Sense of hearing and balance.
9.Glossopharyngeal nerve: Ability to taste and swallow.
10.Vagus nerve: Digestion and heart rate.
11.Accessory nerve (or spinal accessory nerve): Shoulder and neck muscle movement.
12. Hypoglossal nerve: Ability to move your tongue.