Chap 14 all sections-crusades and century of turmoil Flashcards
Monastic Revival and Chruch Reform
spiritual revival across Europe led by monasteries
Reformers wanted to restore the basic ideals of Christianity
churches expanded power
Problems with the Church
Village priests were married and had families (against Church rulings)
Simony positions in the church were being sold by bishops
Lay investiture-kings were in control of bishops
Cathedrals
Romanesque style
Power and wealth of church displayed
Gothic style
The crusades
fight of the religions for Jerusalem
the pope asked people to regain the holy land
wars for 200 years
Jerusalem recovered from Islam but lost to Turks later on
many died 50,000 knights became crusaders
Reasons for the crusades
Gods will
king god rid of knights
younger sons could claim land
assured place in heaven
merchants profited
Crusaders army
Not very well organized
3 mostly french armies
not prepared for the climate and other conditions of the environment
at one point Jerusalem had been captured
crusaders then lost it but an attempt was made the Turks were successful
then Muslims had it
Battle of the 3 kings
Frederick Barbarossa
Philip Augustus
Richard the lionhearted
Richard and Saladin
Richard and Saladin fought many times
women and children killed by Richard (Jesus fucking christ bro)
the truce allowed pilgrims to visit safely to Jerusalem
Spanish Crusades
Muslims had a lot of control over Spain
an effort to drive Muslims out called the Spanish Reconquista
Spanish used the inquisitions
Effects of the crusades
power of the pope declines
feudal nobility declined
increased trade between Europe and Asia
legacy of bitterness between religions
cultural diffusion
revival of learning in Europe
Muslims had preserved many pieces of literature and knowledge from greeks and others
Growing food supply
Use of horsepower
harness made for horses’ comfort and efficiency
3 field system was developed
rotating crops was significant
more food
Trade and finacne
Trade expands craftsmen manufacturing goods
merchants and craftsmen organised into guilds
Universities appear
Paris,France
bologna and Salerno Italy
oxford
Aquinas and medieval philosophy
Scholars excited by his writings
writings influenced political views in the northern American colonies
Elanor
most influential women of the middle ages
married two kings
Magna Carta
John was a terrible ruler with many problems
explicit rudeness to his subjects forcing high taxes upon them
Nobles revolted and king john bolted
Forced king john to sign the manga Carta containing feudal rights
had a list of guaranteed rights for people
Magna Carta
John was a terrible ruler with many problems
explicit rudeness to his subjects forcing high taxes upon them
Nobles revolted and king john bolted
Forced king john to sign the manga Carta containing feudal rights
had a list of guaranteed rights for people
Model Parliament
Legislative body of Europe
two burgesses
meeting when a discussion of taxes was brought up
Four horsemen
Pestilence
famine
war
death
Pestilence
Bubonic plague
killed many people and many populations were reduced to fraction of original amount
started as an epidemic rapidly spreading in one country but then became a pandemic when traders spread it through to different countries
one of the worst cases of rapid illness and death in history
Symptoms of bubonic plague
trembling
chills
fever
sneezing
bubos
swelling glands
In almost 100% of cases no person survived the plague (I’m not so sure if any at all even did whatsoever but I’m not gonna research that because I ain’t got the time)
Plague effects
Reduced massive chunks of populations
farms were abandoned and in most cases, the farmers were fucking dead so who the fuck was going to maintain that shit
manor system crumbled from the chaos of the plague and other domino effects
3 hundred-year war
when the previous king died he had no heir and then Edward the third the mother-fucking genius he was took over as king and started a 300-YEAR WAR.
like really sit here and think, 300 years is enough for 2 and a half generations to come into existence and die out. to put that into perspective that’s your grandkids having kids of their own
battle of Crecy
English longbow men were the most effective in battle
battle of porters
french were overconfident and lost sight of what they were doing
they lost the battle
battle of Agincourt
English vs french archers
Joan of Arc
french peasant girl
first vision at 13
heard voices of saints
battle of Orleans she commanded the army that defeated the English which then resulted in her capture and sale to the English
they then burned that bitch at the stake saying she was a witch
long term effects of wars
power of church changes
political divisions became prominent in Europe
agricultural to commercial revolution
long term effects of wars
power of church changes
political divisions became prominent in Europe
agricultural to commercial revolution
