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Final Exam (BIO) > Chap 14 > Flashcards

Chap 14 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

where does transcription occur

A

nucleus

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2
Q

characteristics of mRNA

A

single stranded
A-> U
contains ribose
information storage molecule

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3
Q

what does mRNA leave through

A

nuclear pore which goes to the ribosome

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4
Q

In transcription, what does RNA polymerase do

A

unwinds the 2 strands of DNA

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5
Q

where does initiation start for transcription

A

promoter

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6
Q

how does transcription end

A

termination sequence of nucleotides

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7
Q

what is a promoter

A

special sequence of DNA
RNA binds to the promotor
initiates transcription

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8
Q

Elongation

A

RNA polymerase unwinds DNA about 10 base pairs at a time

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9
Q

in what direction is the template read for elongation

A

3’ - 5’

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10
Q

What does RNA transcript do

A

antiparallel to the DNA template strand

adds nucleotides to the 3’ end

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11
Q

can RNA polymerases proofread

A

no

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12
Q

Termination

A

specified by a specific DNA base sequence

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13
Q

Introns

A

interrupts (does not scramble) DNA sequence that encodes a polypeptide

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14
Q

start codon

A

AUG - initiation signal or translation

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15
Q

Translation

A

exons are kept because they’re expressed, introns are spliced out
has a 5’ cap and a 3’ poly-a-tail

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16
Q

what are the three kinds of RNA in protein synthesis

A

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

17
Q

mRNA

A

convey genetic info from DNA to ribosome

18
Q

tRNA

A

carries amino acids for polypeptide assembly

19
Q

rRNA

A

catalyzes peptide bonds and provides structure

20
Q

RNA polymerases are..

A

processive (single enzyme template binding results in polymerization of hundreds of RNA bases)

21
Q

How does RNA polymerase differ from DNA polymerase

A

RNA poly do not need primers and lack a proofreading function

22
Q

codon

A

sequence of three bases- each codon specifies a particular amino acid

23
Q

stop codons

A

UAA, UAG, UGA. stop translation and polypeptide released

24
Q

is the genetic code redundant or ambigous

A

more than one amino acid, genetic code is redundant

25
Q

what does the genetic code support

A

universal codons that specify amino acids are the same in all organisms. Common genetic code is a common language for evolution

26
Q

proteolysis

A

cutting of a long polypeptide chain by proteases

27
Q

glycosylation

A

addition of sugars to form glycoproteins in golgi

28
Q

phosphorylation

A

addition of phosphate groups catalyzed by protein kinases

29
Q

how is mRNA translated into proteins

A

a molecule links the information contained in mRNA codons with specific amino acids in proteins, done by tRNA

30
Q

what must tRNAs do the mRNA is translated into proteins

A

must read the mRNA correctly and deliver the amino acids that correspond to each mRNA codon.

Final Exam (BIO) (2 decks)

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