Chap 14

Question 1

where does transcription occur

Answer 1

nucleus

Question 2

characteristics of mRNA

Answer 2

single stranded
A-> U
contains ribose
information storage molecule

Question 3

what does mRNA leave through

Answer 3

nuclear pore which goes to the ribosome

Question 4

In transcription, what does RNA polymerase do

Answer 4

unwinds the 2 strands of DNA

Question 5

where does initiation start for transcription

Answer 5

promoter

Question 6

how does transcription end

Answer 6

termination sequence of nucleotides

Question 7

what is a promoter

Answer 7

special sequence of DNA
RNA binds to the promotor
initiates transcription

Question 8

Elongation

Answer 8

RNA polymerase unwinds DNA about 10 base pairs at a time

Question 9

in what direction is the template read for elongation

Answer 9

3’ - 5’

Question 10

What does RNA transcript do

Answer 10

antiparallel to the DNA template strand

adds nucleotides to the 3’ end

Question 11

can RNA polymerases proofread

Answer 11

no

Question 12

Termination

Answer 12

specified by a specific DNA base sequence

Question 13

Introns

Answer 13

interrupts (does not scramble) DNA sequence that encodes a polypeptide

Question 14

start codon

Answer 14

AUG - initiation signal or translation

Question 15

Translation

Answer 15

exons are kept because they’re expressed, introns are spliced out
has a 5’ cap and a 3’ poly-a-tail

Question 16

what are the three kinds of RNA in protein synthesis

Answer 16

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

Question 17

mRNA

Answer 17

convey genetic info from DNA to ribosome

Question 18

tRNA

Answer 18

carries amino acids for polypeptide assembly

Question 19

rRNA

Answer 19

catalyzes peptide bonds and provides structure

Question 20

RNA polymerases are..

Answer 20

processive (single enzyme template binding results in polymerization of hundreds of RNA bases)

Question 21

How does RNA polymerase differ from DNA polymerase

Answer 21

RNA poly do not need primers and lack a proofreading function

Question 22

codon

Answer 22

sequence of three bases- each codon specifies a particular amino acid

Question 23

stop codons

Answer 23

UAA, UAG, UGA. stop translation and polypeptide released

Question 24

is the genetic code redundant or ambigous

Answer 24

more than one amino acid, genetic code is redundant

Question 25

what does the genetic code support

Answer 25

universal codons that specify amino acids are the same in all organisms. Common genetic code is a common language for evolution

Question 26

proteolysis

Answer 26

cutting of a long polypeptide chain by proteases

Question 27

glycosylation

Answer 27

addition of sugars to form glycoproteins in golgi

Question 28

phosphorylation

Answer 28

addition of phosphate groups catalyzed by protein kinases

Question 29

how is mRNA translated into proteins

Answer 29

a molecule links the information contained in mRNA codons with specific amino acids in proteins, done by tRNA

Question 30

what must tRNAs do the mRNA is translated into proteins

Answer 30

must read the mRNA correctly and deliver the amino acids that correspond to each mRNA codon.