Chap 12

Question 0

Nucleotide

Answer 0

A subunit of nucleus acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 1

Double helix

Answer 1

Twisted ladder shape of DNA, formed by two nucleotide grands twisted around each other

Question 2

DNA polymerase

Answer 2

Enzyme that catalyzes synthesis of new DNA molecules

Question 3

Semiconservative replication

Answer 3

Method of DNA replication in which parental strands separate, act as templates, and produce molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strand one new DNA strand

Question 4

Codon

Answer 4

Three-base code in DNA or RNA

Question 5

Messenger RNA

Answer 5

Type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

Question 6

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 6

Type of RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes

Question 7

RNA

Answer 7

Ribonucleic acid; guides protein synthesis

Question 8

RNA polymerase

Answer 8

Enzyme that regulates RNA synthesis

Question 9

Transcription

Answer 9

Process in which mRNA is synthesized from the template DNA

Question 10

Translation

Answer 10

Process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled

Question 11

Transfer RNA

Answer 11

Type of RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosome

Question 12

Gene regulation

Answer 12

Ability of an organism to control which genes are transcribed in response to the environment

Question 13

Mutagen

Answer 13

Substance, such as a chemical, that causes mutations

Question 14

Mutation

Answer 14

Permanent change in a cells DNA, ranging from changes in a single base pair to deletions of large sections of chromosomes