Chap 12

Question 1

Imperfect Indicative

Answer 1

Imperfect refers to past: abharat - he carried.

It is marked by an augment or “a” at the beginning of each form. This is a marker of “pastness”.

1) The augment is placed right in front of the verbal root. If a verb has prevents, the augment comes after them. Remember how the final vowel of a preverb may change when it encounters an augment.
2) Verbs beginning with a vowel are augmented by putting this initial vowel into vRddi..

Question 2

Present Potential

Answer 2

Also called subjunctive or optative - refers to what is possible:

Simple possibility - he may, might carry.

What is wished for - He should, ought to carry.

What will be - He will carry.

Conditional clauses - if he carried, were to carry.

1st dual and plural - let’s carry.

Question 3

Secondary active endings

Answer 3

• (a)m
• H
• t
• va
• tam
• tām
• ma
• ta
• an/-uH

Question 4

Imperfect Active Ending

Answer 4

Abharam
AnharaH
Abharat
Abharāva
Abharatam
Abharatām
Abharāma
Abharata
Abharan

Question 5

Potential Active Ending

Answer 5

Bhareyam
BhareH
Bharet
Bhareva
Bharetam
Bharetām
Bharema
Bhareta
BhareyuH