Chap 11

Question 1

Characteristics of play

Answer 1

• Spontaneous, fun, or joyful
• Intrinsically motivated and internally controlled
• Emphasis on process
• Pretend or “as-if” component
• Include active engagement and thinking
• Often social

Question 2

Theories of Play: Classical Theories

Answer 2

○ Surplus energy theory
□ Activity to get energy out
□ Let me see how fast you can run
○ The recreation or relaxation theory
○ The practice or pre‐exercise theory
○ The recapitulation theory
□ To repeat over and over again

Question 3

Theories of Play: Modern Theories

Answer 3

• Psychoanalytic theory
• Arousal modulation theory
  □ Find a way to create arousal or to suppress arousal
• Meta-communicative theory
  □ Using different things to communicate - Facial expressional
• Cognitive theories

Question 4

Parts of play as an occupation

Answer 4

• Form
• Function
• Meaning
• Context

Question 5

Play as an occupation: From

Answer 5

□ Categories of activities which children are engaged
□ Specific types of play
□ Types of activities:
* Games
* Building and construction
* Social play
* Pretend
*Sensorimotor play
* Symbolic or dramatic play
* Team sports
* Digital play

Question 6

Play as an occupation: function

Answer 6

□ The function of play is the way in which it serves the person and influences health and well-being
□ Physical activity was found to reduce depression and anxiety and improve self-esteem

Question 7

Play as an occupation: meaning

Answer 7

□ Refers to:
* Quality of experience
* A person’s state of mind
* The value that the play experience has for the individual
□ The individual “why” of play and the reason behind preference
□ Meaning of play can be examined through a cultural lens or more subjectively through the emotions and sense of self that the player feels

Question 8

Play as an occupation: context

Answer 8

Consisting of physical and social environments, as well as cultural, personal, temporal, and virtual context

Question 9

Parts of context of play

Answer 9

• Physical
• Social
• Cultural
• Temporal

Question 10

Context of play: physical

Answer 10

• Playgrounds
• Play spaces
• Toys and materials

Question 11

Context of play: social

Answer 11

• Interactions with parents and peers
• Parenting style and * Sibling play
• Changes in play with adult presence
• Gender

Question 12

Context of play: Cultural

Answer 12

• Perceptions of importance of play
• Cultural differences in children’s use of time
• Different cultural forms of play

Question 13

Context of play: temporal

Answer 13

• Changes throughout history
• Changes throughout seasons or time of day

Question 14

Definition of Leisure

Answer 14

“nonobligatory activity that is intrinsically motivated and engaged in during discretionary time, that is, time not committed to obligatory occupations such as work, self-care, or sleep” in the OTPF

Question 15

Leisure important facts

Answer 15

○ Important for development and quality of life
○ Preference, desire, and motivation are critical
○ May be limited in youth with disabilities

Question 16

What to consider in a Play and Leisure Assessment

Answer 16

○ Consider
* What, why, how play, and leisure occur for a child or youth
* Use multiple methods, observation, interview, and assessment tools
* Attitudes, preferences, and playfulness
* Developmental competencies expressed through play
○ Playfulness

Question 17

Can play be a goal in OT intervention

Answer 17

No - we are not play therapist
Play can be how we reach the goal (i.e. motor skills, social skills, literacy)

Question 18

Play is used three ways (Table 11.4)

Answer 18

• As a tool
  □ Complete an activity analysis to determine that a specific skill may be developed by engaging in a play activity or with a certain toy
• As a reward
  □ An incentive for the completion of some other form of “therapy” work
  *As an occupation
  □ Focus is on the play itself and the development of play performance or play skill, playfulness or the attitude during play, or intrinsic motivation and exploration of play preferences

Question 19

Facilitating Playfulness: Therapist is:

Answer 19

Therapist is playful
* Attitude
* Body language
* Speech
* Model playfulness
* Novelty
* Imaginary play
* Having fun

Question 20

Facilitating Playfullness: options

Answer 20

○ Shared negotiations of control and decision making
* Giving the child a chance to make a decision
* Give the child options
* Do the “if then” for activities
□ If we do this activity then we can have ice cream

Question 21

Leisure Intervention

Answer 21

○ Allow choice and autonomy
○ Assist with adaptations and access
○ Parent education and training

Question 22

Importance of Modifying, Adapting, and Assistive Technology

Answer 22

○ Leads to the “just right” challenge
○ Allows activities to be fun rather than boring or frustrating
○ Promotes access and allows full range of choice
○ Safety is critical

Question 23

Additional Roles for the OTP

Answer 23

○ Education of others
○ Coaching
○ Advocacy and focus on physical wellness, quality of life, and mental health