Chap 10 Analgesic Drugs Flashcards
Acute Pain
Sudden Onset, usually subsides once treated
NSAIDs
used for neuropathic pain
Ex: Gabapentin
Gabapentin
Nsaid
used for neuropathic pain
Receptors
Mu Receptor responsible for respiratory depression in opioid fxn
Opioid Analgesics: Contraindications
Respiratory insufficiency
Elevated intracranial pressure
Morbid obesity or sleep apnea
Paralytic ileus
Pregnancy
Opioid Analgesics: Adverse Effects
Leads to respiratory depression
Most serious adverse effect
constipation
Opioid Tolerance
larger dose is required to maintain the same level of analgesia
Opioid Analgesics: Toxicity and Management of Overdose
Naloxone (Narcan)
Opioid withdrawal or opioid abstinence syndrome
Anxiety, chills,irritability, diaphoresis, abdominal cramps, diarrhea
Opioid Analgesics: Interactions
Alcohol
Antihistamines
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Morphine Sulfate
Naturally occurring alkaloid derived from the opium poppy
Schedule II controlled substance
Oral, injectable, and rectal dosage forms; also extended-release forms
Fentanyl
Synthetic opioid (Schedule II) used to treat moderate to severe pain
Parenteral injections, transdermal patches (Duragesic), buccal lozenges (Fentora), and buccal lozenges on a stick (Actiq)
dose of 0.1 mg intravenously is roughly equivalent to 10 mg of morphine intravenously.
Methadone Hydrochloride (Dolophine)
Synthetic opioid analgesic (Schedule II)
detoxification treatment of opioid addicts
Prolonged half-life of the drug: cause of unintentional overdoses and deaths
Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan)
Pure opioid antagonist
reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression
Naltrexone
Used for alcohol and opioid addiction
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and Contraindications/Interactions
Analgesic and antipyretic effects
Little to no anti-inflammatory effects
Available OTC
Blocks pain impulses peripherally by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis
Max daily dose for adults is 3000 mg/day.
Liver dysfunction
Possible Liver failure
Dangerous if taken w/ alcohol or hepatotoxic drugs
Nephropathy (Nephrotoxic)
antidote: acetylcysteine regimen
Lidocaine, transdermal
Topical anesthetic
Indications: postherpetic neuralgia
Left in place no longer than 12 hours
Analgesics: Nursing Implications
Be sure to medicate patients before the pain becomes severe so as to provide adequate analgesia and pain control. (TIMING)
Opioid Analgesics: Nursing Implications
Withhold dose/contact physician if decline patient’s condition/vital signs abnormal, especially if respiratory rate is less than 10 to 12 breaths/min.
Constipation common adverse effect/ may be prevented with adequate fluid and fiber intake.
should instruct change positions slowly prevent possible orthostatic hypotension
Monitor for therapeutic effects
Decreased complaints of pain
Improved activities of daily living, appetite, and sense of well-being
Decreased fever (acetaminophen)
