Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SEM II - Patient Care > Chap. 10, 11, 13, 14 > Flashcards

Chap. 10, 11, 13, 14 Flashcards

0
Q

Homeostasis

A

Balance or maintaining of the internal environment of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Vital signs

A

A collection of primary mechanisms that adapt to internal or external fluctuations and adjust accordingly to maintain homeostasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Purpose of vital signs

A

To provide a fast set of objective data regarding a patients condition.

Can be used in emergency situations, before, during, or after treatment to evaluate a patients current condition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vital sign inclusions

A

Temperature
Pulse rate
Blood pressure
Respiratory rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Level of consciousness

A

Sensorium or patients level of alertness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thermoregulation

A

The bodies adaptive abilities to extreme external variations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Regulation of body temperature

A

Hypothalamus gland
Too high - vasodilation and sweating
Too low - vasoconstriction and shivering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oral temperature (under tongue)

A

Most commonly used method for obtaining temperature.

Quick and fairly accurate (30sec-3min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Axillary (arm pit)

A

The most inaccurate way to obtain a temperature.

Takes the longest time (5-10 min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tympanic (ear)

A 
Very common way to obtain temperature. 
Fastest way (3 seconds is common)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rectal temperature

A

Most accurate way to obtain a temperature also the most invasive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Temporal temperature.

A

The newest method. Instant readout.
Swipe across forehead, non invasive.
Consistent with rectal temperatures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hyperthermia - aka febrile

A

Oral temperature over 99.5 degrees Fahrenheit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypothermia

A

Oral temperature under 97.7 due to prolonged exposure to cold temperatures.

In surgery to slow down body’s metabolic rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Respiratory system

A

Responsible for oxynigation of blood, carries oxygen throughout body, expels carbon dioxide from the body.
One inspiration and expiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Respiratory rate

A

Number of respiration that occur in one minute.
Adults - 12-20/min
Child - 20-30/min (under age 10)
Newborn - 30-60/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tachypnea

A

Increased respirations above the normal range.

Commonly caused by exercise, fever, pain, anxiety, infection, decreased oxygen in blood, and CNS disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bradypnea

A

Decreased respirations below normal range.

Commonly caused by drug overdoses, head trauma and hypothermia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where to measure pulse rate

A 
Radial artery (thumb side of wrist)
Brachial artery (front of elbow)
Carotid artery (neck)
Popliteal (back of knee)
Apical (w/stethoscope listening to chest wall)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Normal pulse ranges

A

Adults: 60-100 bpm
Babies: 100-160 bpm
Children 1-10 y/o: 70-120 bpm
Athletes: 40-60 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tachycardia

A

An increase of 10 bpm in a resting adult or over 100 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bradycardia

A

Under 60 bpm for adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Blood pressure
The measurement of the force of the blood on the arterial walls during contraction and relaxation. First audible pulse is systolic and last pulse is diastolic.
25
Systolic blood pressure
The peak pressure found during the contraction phase of the heart. Left ventricular contraction
26
Diastolic blood pressure
The pressure found during the relaxation phase of the heart.
27
Normal blood pressure
120/80 (systolic/diastolic)
28
Hypertension
Blood pressure over 140/90.
29
Hypotension
Blood pressure under 95/60.
30
Sphygmomanometer
Blood pressure cuff. Strapped to patients arm above elbow - arrow to antecubital space. Inflated up to 180mm/Hg
31
Pharmacology
The study of drugs in living systems, including side effects. Must be ordered by doctor and with consent of patient.
32
Drug nomenclature
``` Given many names before being available to public including: Chemical name Code number Generic name Brand name ```
33
Pharmacokinetics
Process of how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated through the human body.
34
Passive absorption
Most common type of drug movement. Drug moves from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration (diffusion)
35
Active absorption
Drug attached to a carrier protein. Protein complex move across the cell membrane, drug gets a piggyback across cell membrane, able to go from high to low concentration.
36
Distribution of drugs
Means by which a drug travels from bloodstream to the target tissue and site of action. Act more quickly in tissues and organs with an abundant blood supply. Blood brain barrier Placental barrrier
37
Metabolism
The process by which the body transforms drugs into an inactive form that can be excreted. Chemically changes the drug so it can be excerpted by the body, primarily by the liver but also the kidneys and intestines.
38
Excretion
The elimination of drugs from the body after they have been metabolized primarily through kidneys, lungs and intestines. Breast milk, sweat, and saliva can also contain drug compounds.
39
Pharmacodynamics
Study of how the effects of a drug are manifested. Pharmaco= drugs Dynamics= interaction of the two things (drug & body)
40
Mechanism of action
The method by which a drugs elicit effects are known.
41
Drug receptor
Specific biological sites on a cells surface or within a cell.
42
Affinity
Drugs attraction to a specific receptor
43
Efficacy
Drugs ability to cause an effect
44
Agonist
Stimulates or enhances biological activity/response
45
Antagonist
Inhibits or counteracts biological activity/response
46
Potency
The relative concentration of a drug required to produce the desired response.
47
Half life
The amount of time required for a drug to decline to 50% it's original concentration.
48
Contraindications
A condition that renders the administration of a drug improper or undesirable. Allergic history. Interaction with other medications.
49
Side effect
A consequence other than the one for which a drug is used.
50
Dosage form
``` Combination of both the drug and vehicle used to deliver the drug. Tablet form. Capsule form. Compressed suppositories or inserts Liquid dosage Parenteral dosage (shot) Gas dosage ```
51
Antiarrhythmic drugs
Drugs that effect the electrical conduction system of the heart by blocking beta receptors or electrolyte channels. Goal is to suppress excessive electrical activity in the cardiac system.
52
Anti hypertensive drugs
Used to reduce blood pressure to safe levels for long term use. Also increase the life of the heart by decreasing the pressure that the heart must pump.
53
Lipid lowering medications
Used to reduce cholesterol levels in the body for long time use.
54
Diuretics
Water pills. | Medications designed to eliminate excess fluid and sodium from bloodstream.
55
Anticoagulants
Medications that are used to decrease the occurrence or blood clots forming in the body. Commonly called blood thinners.
56
Antiplatelet
Most commonly used in patients with a history of an acute ischemic event to the heart or brain. Inhibit blood clot formation.
57
Thrombolytic medications
Used to break up newly formed clots (acute myocardial infarction, acute stroke, lower leg ischemia).
58
Analgesic medications
Most commonly prescribed group of medications. | Used to treat acute and chronic pain symptoms ranging from headaches to metastatic cancer.
59
Narcotics
Medications that stimulate CNS opioid receptors and decrease the perception of pain. Naloxone is given if respiratory arrest occurs to reverse effects.
60
NSAIDs
Nonsteroidal Antiinflamitory drugs are used to treat pain associated with inflammation such as arthritis, vasculitis, muscle tears, broken bones, trauma wounds. Inhibit the production and release of chemicals by the body that activate pain receptors (Advil, Aleve).
61
Acetaminophen
In a sub class of analgesics by itself. Most common analgesic med in use today. Found in almost all pain medications. (Tylenol).
62
Muscle relaxant
Treat pains associated with muscle spasms. Used in situations such as whiplash, spinal trauma, muscle strains and spasms.
63
Antihistamine Medications
Medications used to block histamines from producing adverse (allergic effects) such as itching, inflammation, and respiratory distress. (Benedryl)
64
Anti diabetic medications
Antihyperglycemics. | Used by patients that have a difficulty maintaining normal amounts of blood sugar.
65
Thyroid medications
Used to enhance or inhibit thyroid function.
66
Antipsychotic medications
Used to treat psychotic episodes and disorders such as schizophrenia, paranoia, hallucinations, bipolar disorder and anti social behavior.
67
Anti seizure medication
Used to prevent or treat seizure disorders.
68
Antidepressants
Used to treat clinical depression from neurotransmitter deficiencies.
69
Anti anxiety medications.
Used to treat acute and chronic anxiety states.
70
Anti infective agents.
Antibiotics and therapeutic agents used to kill or suppress pathogens.
71
Antibiotic agents.
Used to kill bacterial organisms.
72
Anti fungal agents.
Used to kill fungal (mycotic) organisms.
73
Antiviral agents
Used to suppress and limit the spread of viruses.
74
Chemotherapy agents
Group of drugs that are extremely toxic. Kill off rapidly growing cancerous cells but also effect healthy cells.
75
Oral route
By mouth, usually a pill or tablet. Most common route of drug administration. Mostly absorbed in small intestine, slower less efficient absorption.
76
Sublingual
Under the tongue, floor of mouth. Thin epithelium and large capillary network. Direct absorption into blood stream. Do not pass through liver.
77
Buccal route
Drug placed between cheek and gums. Thin epithelium and large capillary network, direct absorption into bloodstream, do not pass through liver.
78
Topical
Drug placed directly on skin or mucous membrane. Diffuses through skin and absorbed into bloodstream. Do not pass through liver.
79
Rectal administration
Drug inserted into the patients rectum used when stomach is unable to hold drug or for children unable to swallow.
80
Parenteral
Drugs administered by injection into/through skin.
81
Intradermal (ID)
Drugs administered into the upper layers of the skin. | Needle inserted parallel to the skin. Small syringe. Small dosage usually less than 1cc. Usually for alergin testing.
82
Subcutaneous (SQ or SC)
Drugs administered into the tissue layers between the skin and muscle. Needle inserted at 45-50degree angle. 25 gauge.
83
Intramuscular (IM)
Drug administered into the muscle tissue. Faster drug absorption than IM or SC. Larger dose (usually up to 5 cc). Injection site must be away from nerves, bones, large blood vessels.
84
Intravenous (IV)
Drugs administered into a vein. Rapid absorption into a vein.
85
Extravasation
Leakage of drug out of vein and into surrounding tissues.
86
Charting
Medical legal document that should be chronological and include all events that occurred during their treatment. Must: Name of drug; dose of drug; route of drug administration; date of administration; time of administration; injection site (if parentarel)
87
mg
Milligram
88
ml
Milliliter
89
qh
Every hour
90
qd
Every day
91
bid
Twice a day
92
tid
Three times a day
93
qid
Four times a day
94
q4h
Every h hours
95
PO
By mouth
96
prn
As needed
97
OTC
Over the counter
98
OD
Right eye
99
OS
Left eye
100
OU
Both eyes
101
NPO
Nothing by mouth
102
VO
Verbal order

SEM II - Patient Care (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions