Chap 1 Unit 1

Question 1

Hypothesis

Answer 1

A testable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data and guided by the inductive reasoning. A hypothesis is narrower in scope than a theory

Question 2

Experiment

Answer 2

A scientific test. Often carried out under controlled conditions that involve manipulating one factor in order to see the effects of changing that factor

Question 3

Producers

Answer 3

An organism that produces organic compounds from CO2 by harnessing light energy (in photosynthesis) or by oxidizing inorganic chemicals (in chemosynthetic reactions carried out by some prokaryotes).

Question 4

data

Answer 4

recorded observations

Question 5

Emergent Properties

Answer 5

New properties arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement & interactions of parts as complexity increases.

Question 6

Gene Expression

Answer 6

The process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNA’s

Question 7

Genome

Answer 7

The genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete complement of an organism or viruses genes along with its non-coding nucleic acid sequences.

Question 8

Model Organisms

Answer 8

A particular species chosen for research into broad biological principles because it is representative of a large group and usually easily grown in a lab.

Question 9

Systems Biology

Answer 9

An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of interactions among systems’ parts.

Question 10

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 10

A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations

Question 11

Feedback Regulation

Answer 11

The regulation process by its output or end product

Question 12

Consumers

Answer 12

An organism that feeds on producers, other consumers, or nonliving organic material.

Question 13

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 13

A type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise

Question 14

Eukarya

Answer 14

The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms

Question 15

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 15

A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi and animals) are called eukaryotes.

Question 16

Genes

Answer 16

A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA in some viruses)

Question 17

Archaea

Answer 17

One of two prokaryotic domains

Question 18

Bacteria

Answer 18

one of two prokaryotic domains

Question 19

Biology

Answer 19

The study of life

Question 20

Biosphere

Answer 20

The entire portion of the earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet’s ecosystems.

Question 21

Cell

Answer 21

Life’s fundamental unit of structure & function; the smallest unit of organization that can perform all activities required for life.

Question 22

Community

Answer 22

all the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction

Question 23

Controlled Experiment

Answer 23

An experiment designed to compare an experimental group with a control group; ideally, the groups differ only in the factor being tested.

Question 24

DNA

Answer 24

A nucleic acid molecule, usually a double-stranded helix, in which each polynucleotide strand consists of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar & the nitrogenous base adenine (a), cytosine (c), guanine (g), and thymine (t); capable of being replicated and determining the inherited structure of a cell’s proteins.

Question 25

Dependent Variable

Answer 25

a factor whose value is measured during an experiment or other test to see whether it is influenced by changes in another factor (independent variable)

Question 26

Ecosystem

Answer 26

All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact; one of more communities and the physical environment around them.

Question 27

Independent Variable

Answer 27

A factor whose’ value is manipulated or changed during an experiment to reveal possible effects on another factor

Question 28

Molecule

Answer 28

A chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms. Held together by a covalent bond.

Question 29

Natural Selection

Answer 29

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of these traits

Question 30

Organ

Answer 30

A specialized center of body function is composed of several different types of tissues.

Question 31

Populations

Answer 31

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area & interbreed, producing fertile offspring.

Question 32

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 32

A type of cell lacking a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic cells are called prokaryotes.

Question 33

Science

Answer 33

An approach to understanding the natural world.

Question 34

Theory

Answer 34

An explanation that is broader than a hypothesis, generates new hypothesis and is supported by a large body of evidence.

Question 35

Tissue

Answer 35

An integrated group of cells with a common structure, function or both.

Question 36

Variables

Answer 36

A factor that varies in an experiment