Chap 1 Theories and principles of learning and behavior

Question 1

What is another word for conditioning ?

Answer 1

Conditioning is another word for learning

Question 2

What is US and UR give ?

Answer 2

An unconditioned response

Question 3

What is another phrase related to a scientist that is used to describe classical conditioning ?

Answer 3

Pavlovian

Question 4

What is another name for a stimulus response relationship ?

Answer 4

Reflex

Question 5

What does an unconditioned reflex involve ?

Answer 5

An unconditioned reflex is involves a unconditioned stimulus including an unconditioned response

Question 6

What is the nature of Unconditioned reflexes ? Display your answer in abbreviated form

Answer 6

An unconditioned reflex consists of an unconditioned stimulus and an unconditioned response UR = US + UR

Question 7

What does a conditioned reflex consist of ?

Answer 7

A conditioned reflex consists of a conditioned stimulus and conditioned response

Question 8

What is another name for an unconditioned response ?

Answer 8

AN unconditioned response is another name learning

Question 9

What is the make up of classical conditioning as a make up ?

Answer 9

A neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus which gives a conditioned response therefore the coniditioned stimulus becomes a conditioned response to the uncondioned stimulus

Question 10

What are the five methods of Classical conditioning?

Answer 10

Delay conditioning, trace conditioning, temporal conditioning, simultaneous Conditioning, backward conditioning

Question 11

What is delay conditioning

Answer 11

Delay conditioning is the delay and OVERLAP of the conditioned stimulus shortly after wards - by up to .5 of a second before the meat powder. The CS signals the oncoming of the meat powder -thus is contingent

Question 12

What is trace conditioning?

Answer 12

Trace conditioning is like delay conditioning, except there is no overlap between the CS and the US

Question 13

what is temporal conditioning

Answer 13

Temporal Conditioning is when a stimulus is presented at the same time every day , for example when the conditioning is presented at noon

Question 14

what is simultaneous conditioning?

Answer 14

Simultaneous Conditioning is when the NS and US are presented at the same time, however there is conditioning as the US is not contingent on the US.

Question 15

What is backward conditioning?

Answer 15

Backward conditioning is when the US is presented before the NS, thus there is no contingency on the NS , and thus no learning

Question 16

What is a core conditioning around contingency of stimulus in order for learning to be achieved

Answer 16

C and N come before U

Question 17

What is stimulus Generalisation

Answer 17

Stimulus generalisation is when a conditioned stimulus has become generalised to other stimuli , such as little albert and rats, all things white gave the conditioned response of fear. Stimulus generalization occurs without any deliberate response from the tester.

Question 18

what is higher order conditioning

Answer 18

Higher order conditioning is a deliberate process where CS is paired with a new NS until it is contingent, for example a tone is paired with a light, it can again be conditioned with another one. It is impossible to go beyond a third order.

Question 19

Whats the difference between stimulus generalisation and higher order conditioning

Answer 19

Stimulus generalisation is an accidental process, comparatively Higher order conditioning is a deliberate process.

Question 20

Can a person unlearn a conditioned response ?

Answer 20

yes, Classical extinction can occur when presenting the CS repeatedly. (presenting the old NS)

Question 21

What happens at times when extinction trials occur.

Answer 21

Spontaneous recovery briefly occurs when during a rest period the CS briefly reappears.

Question 22

What is stimulus discrimination

Answer 22

Stimulus discrimination is when the determination between two different tones is too similar ( a dog will start barking and howling ) until it can be re alligned with the original stimuli.

Question 23

What is pseudoconditioning

Answer 23

Pseudocondioning occurs when an unintentional CS occurs as a consqeuence of conditioning trials, it usually occurs as a result of heightened arousal.

Question 24

what is habituation

Answer 24

Habituation occurs when the unconditioned simulus no longer ellicits a response.

Question 25

In the schedule of reinforcers, what does the term satiation mean ?

Question 26

In the schedule of reinforcers, what does the term acquisition phase mean?

Answer 26

The acquisition phase relates to the period in which new learning occurs.

Question 27

What is operant stength?

Answer 27

Operant strength is based on the rate of responding - ie how often a pigeon is pecking

Question 28

What is ,continuous re-enforcement?

Answer 28

Continuous reinforcement occurs when the behaviour is reinforced everytime

Question 29

What does the term satiation “ mean?

Answer 29

The term satiation refers to the phenomenon that over time a reinforcer can lose its value by overuse. Thinning is an intermittent procedure where the

Question 30

What is intermitant reinforcement?

Answer 30

The subject is on reinforced for every response made , reinforcement is made on either on a ratio or interval schedule

Question 31

What is the ranking of rates of responding during acquisition? What about resistance to extinction?

Answer 31

Variable ratio, followed by fixed ratio, then variable interval followed by fixed interval. The reason being that fixed ratio is directly correlated to.