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PTA EXAM > Chap 1 Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chap 1 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Rancho los amigos phases

A
  1. Initial contact
  2. Loading response
  3. Mid stance
  4. Terminal stance
  5. Pre swing
  6. Initial swing
  7. Mid swing
  8. Terminal swing
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2
Q

Standard gate

A
  1. Heel strike
  2. Foot flat
  3. Midstance
  4. Heel off
  5. Toe off
  6. Acceleration
  7. Midswing
  8. Deceleration
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3
Q

Peak activity during gate:

Anterior tibia

A
  1. Initial contact/heel strike
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4
Q

Peak activity during gate:

Gastro/soleus

A
  1. Terminal stance/heel off
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5
Q

Peak activity during gate:

Quads

A
  1. Midstance/mid stance (single)

4. Terminal stance/heel off (double)

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6
Q

ROM for normal gait:

Hip flexion

A

0-30

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7
Q

ROM for normal gait:

Hip extension

A

0-10

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8
Q

ROM for normal gait:

Knee flexion

A

0-60

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9
Q

ROM for normal gait:

Knee extension

A

0

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10
Q

ROM for normal gait:

Ankle dorsiflexion

A

0-10

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11
Q

ROM for normal gait:

Ankle plantar flexion

A

0-20

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12
Q

Cadence

A

110-120 steps per min

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13
Q

Step length

A

28”

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14
Q

Stride length

A

56”

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15
Q

Pelvic rotation

A

4/4, 8 total

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16
Q

BOS

A

2”-4”

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17
Q

Toe out

A

7

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18
Q

Vaulting gate

A

Swing leg advance do to compensation through elevation of pelvis and plantar flexion of stance leg

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19
Q

Tabetic

A

High step and ataxic w/ foot slap

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20
Q

Steppage gait

A

Feet/toes are lifted through hip/knee flexion. Second to dorsiflexion weakness. Slap step

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21
Q

Festinating

A

Toe walk

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22
Q

Double step

A

Difference in step length and rate

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23
Q

Antalgic

A

Shortened steps due to protection from pain

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24
Q

Degree of ROM:

Shoulder

A 
Flexion 0-180
Extension 0-60
Abduction 0-180
Medial rotation 0-70
Lateral rotation 0-90
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25
Q

Degree of ROM:

Elbow

A

Extension 0

Flexion 0-150

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26
Q

Degree of ROM:

Forearm

A

Pronation 0-80

Supination 0-80

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27
Q

Degree of ROM:

Wrist

A

Flexion 0-80
Extension 0-70
Radial deviation 0-20
Ulnar deviation 0-30

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28
Q

Degree of ROM:

Metacarpophalageal

A

Flexion 0-90

Hyperextension 0-45

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29
Q

Degree of ROM:

Proximal interphalangeal

A

Flexion 0-100

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30
Q

Degree of ROM:

Distal interphalangeal

A

Flexion 0-50

Hyperextension 0-10

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31
Q

Degree of ROM:

Thumb

A

Flexion - Metacarpophalageal
0-50

Flexion - interphalangeal
0-80

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32
Q

Degree of ROM:

Hip

A 
Flexion 0-120
Extension 0-30
Abduction 0-45
Adduction 0-30
Medial rotation 0-45
Internal rotation 0-45
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33
Q

Degree of ROM:

Knee

A

Extension 0

Flexion 0-135

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34
Q

Degree of ROM:

Ankle

A

Dorsiflexion 0-20
Plantar flexion 0-50
Inversion 0-35
Eversion 0-15

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35
Q

Degree of ROM:

Subtalar

A

Inversion 0-5

Eversion 0-5

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36
Q

Degree of ROM:

Cervical spine

A

Flexion 0-45
Extension 0-45
Lateral flexion 0-45
Rotation 0-60

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37
Q

Degree of ROM:

Thoracolumbar spine

A

Flexion 0-80
Extension 0-25
Lateral flexion 0-35
Rotation 0-45

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38
Q

Goni:

Elbow

A

Axis: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Stationary arm: lateral midline of humerus. Center of acromial process for reference
Movable arm: lateral midline or radius. Use radial head and radial styloid for reference

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39
Q

Goni:

Forearm

A

Pronation

Axis: lateral epicondyle of humerus

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40
Q

Tall Californian Navy Medical Interns Lay Cuties

A 
Talus
Calcanious
Navicular
Medial cuneiform
Immediate cuneiform
Lateral cuneiform 
Cuboid
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41
Q

Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle

A 
Scaphoid 
Lunate
Triquesal
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
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42
Q

Sprain vs strain

A

Sprain - acute ligament injury

Strain - chronic tendonosis of muscle, tendon or attachments

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43
Q

Q angle

A

ASIS to tibial tuberosity, measured at mid patella

Men - 13
Women - 18

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44
Q

Scapula elevation

A

Upper trap

Levator scap

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45
Q

Scapula Depression

A

Lats
Pec major
Pec minor
Low trap

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46
Q

Scapula protraction

A

Serratus

Pec minor

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47
Q

Scapula retraction

A

Trap

Rhomboids

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48
Q

Scapula up word rotation

A

Trap

Serratus

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49
Q

Scapula downward rotation

A

Rhomboids
Levator scap
Pec minor

50
Q

knee flexion

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
sartorius

51
Q

knee extension

A

vastus lat, inter, med

rectus femoris

52
Q

ankle

plantar flexion (7)

A 
tibialis posterior
gastroc
soleus
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
plantaris
flexor hallucis
53
Q

ankle

dorsiflexion (4)

A

tibialis anterior
extenson hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
peroneus tertius

54
Q

ankle

Inversion (3)

A

tibialis posterior
tibialis anterior
flexor digitorum longus

55
Q

ankle

eversion (3)

A

peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
peroneus tertius

56
Q

shoulder flexion (4)

A

anterior delt
coracobrachialis
pecs major
biceps brachii

57
Q

shoulder extension 3

A

lats
posterior delt
teres major

58
Q

shoulder abduction 2

A

mid delt

supraspinatious

59
Q

lateral rotation 3

A

teres minor
infraspinatus
posterior delt

60
Q

shoulder adduction 3

A

pec major
lats
teres major

61
Q

shoulder medial rotation 5

A 
subscapularsis
teres major
pec major
lats
anterior delt
62
Q

radiounlnar joint supination 2

A

biceps brachii

supinator

63
Q

radiounlnar joint pronation 2

A

pronator teres

pronator quadratious

64
Q

elbow flexion 3

A

biceps brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis

65
Q

elbow extension 3

A

extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor carpi unlaris

66
Q

hip flexion 4

A

iliopsoas
sartorius
rectus femoris
pectineus

67
Q

hip extension 4

A

gluteus maximus/medius
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris

68
Q

hip abduction 5

A 
glute med
glute min
piriformis
obturator internus
TFL
69
Q

hip adduction 4

A

adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
gracilis

70
Q

hip medial rotation 5

A 
TFL
glute med
glute min
pectineus
adductor longus
71
Q

hip lateral rotation 6

A 
glute max
obturator internus
obturator externus
piriformis
gemelli
sartorius
72
Q

UE’s special tests

A

Allen (vascular insuffciency/thoracic outlet syndrome)
Varus/Valgus (lig instability)
Cozen’s (lat/med epicondylitis)
Tinel’s sign (neuro/vascular insufficiency)
Finkelstein (tendonosis of thumb)

73
Q

Hip special tests

A

Ely’s (prone w/ knee flexed)
Ober’s (sidelying w/ leg ext/Abd)
Piriformis (sidelying leg into ABd/Add)
Thomas (supine, knee to chest)

74
Q

Knee special tests

A

Anterior draw/Lachman’s (ACL)
Posterior draw/Post sag (PCL)
Varus (LCL)
Valgus (MCL)

75
Q

Meniscus special tests

A

Appley’s Compression (prone w/ knee flexed)

McMurray’s (supine w/ medial rotation of tib, knee ext)

76
Q

Thompson’s test

A

Achilles (DVT)

77
Q

Tredelenberg

A

glute med weakness

78
Q

Patrick’s (Faber’s) test

A

ilioposas, hip joint issues

79
Q

SITTS muscles

A

Supraspinatus

Infer aspirated

80
Q

SITS muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Inferspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularsis

81
Q

indications for mobilization

A

restricted joint mobility
restricted accessory motion
improves neurophysiological effects

82
Q

convex on concave

A

roll and slide = opposite direction

mobilizing force = opposite direction of bone movement

83
Q

concave on convex

A

roll and slide = same direction

mobilizing force = same direction of bone movement

84
Q

glenohumeral joint

A

convex: humerus
concave: glenoid
opposite direction

85
Q

ulnohumeral joint

A

convex: humerus
concave: ulna
same direction

86
Q

radiohumeral joint

A

convex: humeral
concave: radius
same direction

87
Q

proximal radioulnar joint

A

convex: radius
concave: ulna
opposite direction

88
Q

distal radioulnar joint

A

convex: ulna
concave: radius
same direction

89
Q

radiocarpal joint

A

convex: carpals
concave: radius
opposite direction

90
Q

hip joint

A

convex: femur
concave: acetabulum
opposite direction

91
Q

tibiofemoral joint

A

convex: femur
concave: tibia
same direction

92
Q

patellofemoral joint

A

convex: patella
concave: femur
opposite direction

93
Q

proximal tibiofibular joint

A

convex: tibia
concave: fibula
same direction

94
Q

distal tibiofibular joint

A

convex: fibula
concave: tibia
opposite direction

95
Q

talocrural joint

A

convex: talus
concave: tibia and fibula
opposite direction

96
Q

subtalar joint

A

convex: anterior and mid talus
concave: anterior and mid calcaneus
same direction

convex: posterior calcaneous
concave: posterior talus
opposite direction

97
Q

AFO

A

controls: dorsi/plantar/eversion/inversion
position: 90
prevents: drop foot
common with: neuropathy, nerve lesions, hemiplegia

98
Q

KAFO

A

controls: support/stability of knee and angle
position: proper alignment of ankle, lock mechanism for knee

99
Q

HKAFO

A

controls: Abd/adduction and hip rotation
common: hip/knee/ankle/foot weakness
prevents: swing-to or swing-through pattern

100
Q

Parapodiums

A

standing frame which allows patient to sit when necessary

controls: ambulation through weight shifting
common: pediatrics

101
Q

Corset

A

controls: abdominal compression/support
relives: pain with mid/LBP

102
Q

Milwaukee orthosis

A

realignment of spine due to scoliosis

103
Q

TLSO

A

stops spinal rotation post surgery

104
Q

Syme’s

A

removal of foot at ankle including the malleoli

105
Q

Chopart’s

A

disarticulation at the midtarsal joint

106
Q

disease-modifying antirhemuatic agents

A

action: slows rheumatic disease through inhibition of immune response

107
Q

glucocorticoid agents (corticosteroids)

A

action: reduces inflammation chronic conditions

108
Q

nonopoid agents

A

action: reduction in prostaglandin formation that produces anti-inflammatory effects, initiates anti-pyestic properties and provides pain relief

109
Q

opioid agents (narcotics)

A

action: anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic properties, provides pain relief

110
Q

Achilles tendon rupture

A

1-2” above insertion on calcaneus
common at 30-50 yrs old
unable to stand on toes (thompson’s)

111
Q

adhesive capsulitis

A

middleage, more common in females
detected by arthrogram by fluid volume
ROM restriction (lat/medial rotation/aBD)

112
Q

carpal tunnel

A

35-55 yrs of age, more common in females
muscle atrophy in abductior pollicis brevis
Tinel’s sign/Phalen’s test

113
Q

Colles’ Fracture

A

FOOSH injury

114
Q

degenerative spondylolisthesis

A

weakness of joints causing forward slippage of vertebra
most common L4-L5
William’s flexion exercises to strengthen abs/ reduce lordosis

115
Q

Duchenne MD

A

X-linked recessive trait in male offspring making females the carrier

116
Q

Osgood-Schlatter

A

traction apophysitis at Tib tuberosity
pain during running, jumping, squatting
4-8 weeks recovery time

117
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

infection in bone secondary to staph infection (surgical procedure, compound fracture, puncture wound)

118
Q

patellofemoral syndrome

A

damage to articular cartilage of patella
common during adolescence (female more than male)
management: stretching, edema control, improving ROM

119
Q

scoliosis

A

curvature between 25-40 degrees

120
Q

spinal stenosis (lumbar)

A

narrowing of intervertebral foramen compressing the nerve root

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