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ENARSI > Chap 1 - IPv4-IPV6 Addressing and Routing > Flashcards

Chap 1 - IPv4-IPV6 Addressing and Routing Flashcards

1
Q

What is DORA?

A
  • DHCP message sequence for IPv4
  • Discover
  • Offer
  • Request
  • Acknowledgement
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2
Q

What 7 other protocols are forwarded by the ip helper-address command?

A
  • TFTP
  • Domain Name System (DNS)
  • Internet Time Service (ITS)
  • NetBIOS name server
  • NetBIOS datagram server
  • BootP
  • TACACS
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3
Q

What are 8 DHCP message types?

A
  • DHCPREQUEST
  • DHCPDECLINE
  • DHCPACK
  • DHCPNAK
  • DHCPRELEASE
  • DHCPINFORM
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4
Q

Who sends the DHCPDECLINE message and what does it do?

A

This message is sent from a client to a DHCP server to inform the server that an IP address is already in use on the network.

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5
Q

Who sends the DHCPNAK message and what does it do?

A
  • Sent from server to client
  • Says server is declining to provide IP address information to the client
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6
Q

Who sends the DHCPINFORM message and what does it do?

A
  • Sent from a client to a DHCP server
  • It requests IP configuration parameters. Such a message might be sent from an access server requesting IP configuration information for a remote client attaching to the access server.
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7
Q

What command enables an IP router to function as a DHCP client?

A

Interface command “R1(config-if)# ip address dhcp”

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8
Q

What is APIPA ?

A
  • Automatic Private IP Addressing address
  • 169.254.x.x
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9
Q

What should you not assume if a client gets an APIPA address?

A

Don’t automatically assume it is a DHCP issue. It could also mean there’s a layer 2 problem.

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10
Q

What are 7 potential issues when troubleshooting a DHCP problem?

A

* Router not forwarding broadcasts * DHCP pool out of addresses * Misconfiguration * Duplicate IP addresses * Redundant DHCP servers not communicating * The pull nature of DHCP - server cannot push an address to a client * Interface not configured with IP address in DHCP pool

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11
Q

What show command do you use to check for duplicate IP addresses

A

show ip dhcp conflict

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12
Q

What command is used to clear a conflict ?

A

clear ip dhcp conflict *

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13
Q

What command allows you to see assigned DHCP addresses

A

show ip dhcp binding

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14
Q

What command is used to clear a binding?

A

clear ip dhcp binding *

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15
Q

What debug command can be used to view updates to the DHCP database?

A

debug ip dhcp server events

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16
Q

What debug command can be used to view DORA ?

A

debug ip dhcp server packets

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17
Q

On a Windows machine what command will show the IPV6 address?

A

ipconfig

18
Q

What does an entry ending in 11% mean on a Windows PC?

A

It indicates which interface packets will be sent out of.

19
Q

What are 3 ways an end station can get its IPV6 host address?

A
  • Statically assigned
  • Automatically assigned randomly
  • Assigned based on EUI-64
20
Q

How is an EUI-64 address computed?

A
  • Split the MAC address in half
  • Insert FFFE
  • Flip the 7th bit from the left (1 becomes 0, or 0 becomes 1)
21
Q

What does a link local address start with?

A

FE80:

22
Q

By default how do Windows machines calculate their IPV6 addresses?

A

Randomly using SLAAC

23
Q

By default how do routers calculate their link local addresses?

A

Routers use EUI-64 to calculate their link local addresses

24
Q

How do you get a router to use EUI-64 to configure its global unicast address?

A

R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:a:a::/64 eui-64

25
Q

In IPV6 what are the 3 dynamic options for assigning addresses?

A

* SLAAC * Stateful DHCPv6 * Stateless DHCPv6

26
Q

What does SLAAC stand for?

A

Stateless Autoconfiguration

27
Q

What is the command to enable SLAAC on a router interface?

A

R1(config-if)# ipv6 address autoconfig

28
Q

How does SLAAC work on a router?

A

* Router sends a Router Solicitation msg (RS) * Waits for another router on the same subnet to send Router Advertisement (RA) * Router derives the network prefix from the RA and then uses EUI-64 for the host identifier

29
Q

How does SLAAC work on a PC?

A

* PC sends a Router Solicitation msg (RS) * Waits for a router on the same subnet to respond with a Router Advertisement (RA) * PC derives the network prefix from the RA and randomly computes its host identifier * PC uses the link local source address of the RA msg for its default gateway

30
Q

When a router sends out an RA what are the L2 and L3 destination addresses?

A

* L3 destination address is FF02::1 (all nodes, link local multicast address) * L2 destination address is 33:33:00:00:00:01 (all nodes, link local multicast MAC address associated with FF02::1)

31
Q

When a router sends out an RA what are the L2 and L3 source addresses?

A

* L3 source address is the router interface’s link local address * L2 source address is the MAC address of the interface the router used to send out the RA

32
Q

What is the show command to verify a SLAAC generated address on a router?

A

show ipv6 interface

33
Q

What would cause a router configured for SLAAC to use the source address of the RA as its default route?

A

If the SLAAC-configured router didn’t have ‘ipv6 unicast-routing’ enabled then it will act as a IPV6 client

34
Q

What 3 conditions must be met before a router will send out RAs?

A

* ‘ipv6 unicast-routing’ global command configured * The physical interface must be enabled for IPV6 (R1(config-if)# ipv6 enable * RAs are not being surpressed on the interface

35
Q

What show commands can you use to diagnose a router not sending RAs?

A

* show run | I ipv6 unicast-router * show ipv6 interface - look for ‘IPV6 is enabled’ and check for ‘ND RAs are suppressed (all)’

36
Q

Users complaining they can get to some destinations but not all.

A

* Check for multiple gateways on the network * Verify that all gateways can get to all destinations

37
Q

Users getting wrong IPV6 addresses.

A

Check the router or switch interface to make sure it is associated with the correct pool

38
Q

What 2 things are required to implement Stateless DHCPv6?

A

* The router interface must have the following configured “R1(config-if)# ipv6 nd other-config-flag” * Interface needs a helper address R1(config-if)# ip dhcp relay

39
Q

What is the DHCPv6 4-step negotiation process?

A

* SOLICIT * ADVERTISE * REQUEST * REPLY

40
Q

In the ‘show ip route’ command what does the ‘longer-prefixes’ keyword do?

A

Shows networks that are subnets of the network being queries

41
Q

When should you never add an outgoing interface in a static route?

A

When the outgoing network is ethernet

42
Q

When do you HAVE to add an outgoing interface to a static route?

A

When running IPV6 and the next hop references the peer’s link local address.

ENARSI (6 decks)

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