Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OT Physiology > Chap 1- Foundations Of Structural Kinesiology > Flashcards

Chap 1- Foundations Of Structural Kinesiology Flashcards

1
Q

Structural Kinesiology

A

The study of muscles, bones, and joints as they are involved in the science of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fetal Position

A

Lying on either side with spine flexed, head flexed toward chest, and extremities flexed and drawn toward the torso

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hook Lying (dorsal recumbent)

A

Lying supine with hips flexed approximately 45° and knees flex approximately 90° with feet flat on the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lateral recumbent (lateral decubitus position)

A

Lying on the side (R or L) knees and hips may be straight/slightly flexed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Long sitting

A

Sitting with legs extended forward, toes pointed; trunk erect, and hands on hips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prone

A

Face-downward position of the body; lying on the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Short sitting

A

Sitting upright with knees flexed and hanging over the edge of the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Supine

A

Face-upward position of the body; lying on the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mid-axillary line

A

A line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the apex of the axilla (armpit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mid-sternal line

A

A line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the middle of the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anterior axillary line

A

A line that is parallel to the mid-axillary line and passes through the anterior axillary skinfold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Posterior axillary line

A

A line that is parallel to the mid-axillary line and passes through the posterior axillary skinfold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mid-clavicular line

A

A line running vertically down the surface is the body passing through the midpoint of the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mid-inguinal point

A

A point midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Scapula line

A

A line running vertically down the posterior surface of the body passing through the inferior angle of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vertebral line

A

A line running vertically down through the spinous processes of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anatomical position

A

Standing in upright posture, facing straight ahead, feet parallel and close and palms facing forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fundamental position

A

Same as anatomical position except arms are at sides with palms facing the body
Ex. Fetal, hook lying, lateral recumbent, long sitting, prone, short sitting, supine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Anterior

A

In front or in the front part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anterioinferior

A

In front and below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anterolateral

A

In front and to the outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Anteromedial

A

In front and toward the inner side/midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Anterioposterior

A

Relating to both front and rear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Anterosuperior

A

In front and above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Bilateral

A

Right and left sides of the body/of a body structure
Ex. R and L extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Caudal

A

Below in relation to another structure; inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Caudocephalad

A

Directionally from tail to head in the long axis of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cephalic

A

Above in relation to another structure; higher; superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cephalocaudal

A

Directionally from head to tail in the long axis of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Contralateral

A

Pertaining/ relating to the opposite side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Deep

A

Beneath/below the surface; used to describe relative depth/location of muscles or tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Dexter

A

Relating to, or situated to the right or on the right side of, something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Distal

A

Situated away from the center/midline of the body, or away from the point of origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Dorsal (dorsum)

A

Relating to the back, being or located near, on, or toward the back, posterior part/upper surface of; also relating to the top of the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Fibular

A

Fibular (lateral) side of the knee, leg, ankle, foot
Referred to as peroneal when specifically referring to lateral leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Inferior (infra)

A

Below in relation to another structure; caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Inferolateral

A

Below and toward the midline/inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Lateral

A

On or to the side; outside, farther from the median/midsagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Medial

A

Relating to the middle/center; nearer to the median/midsagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Median

A

Relating to, located in, or extending toward the middle; situated in the middle, medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Palmar

A

Relating to the palm/volar aspect of the hand

43
Q

Plantar

A

Relating to the sole/undersurface of the foot

44
Q

Posterior

A

Behind, in back, or in the rear

45
Q

Posterioinferior

A

Behind/ in back and below

46
Q

Posterolateral

A

Behind and to one side, specifically to the outside

47
Q

Posteromedial

A

Behind and to the inner side

48
Q

Posterosuperior

A

Behind or in back and above

49
Q

Proximal

A

Nearest the trunk or the point of origin

50
Q

Proximodistal

A

From the center of the body out toward the distal ends of appendages

51
Q

Radial

A

Relating to the radial (lateral) side of the forearm/hand

52
Q

Rostral

A

Near or toward the head, especially the front of the head

53
Q

scapular plane

A

In line with the normal resting position of the scapula as it lies on the posterior rib cage; movement btw in the scapular plane are in line with the scapular, which is at an of 30 to 45° from the frontal plane

54
Q

Sinister

A

Relating to, or situated to the left or in the left side of, something

55
Q

Superficial

A

Near the surface; used to describe relative depth/location of muscles or tissues

56
Q

Superior (supra)

A

Above in relation to another structure; higher, cephalic

57
Q

Superolateral

A

Above and to the outside

58
Q

Superomedial

A

Above and toward the midline/inside

59
Q

Tibial

A

Relating to the tibial (medial) side of the knee, leg, ankle or foot

60
Q

Ulnar

A

Relating to the ulnar (medial) side of the forearm or hand

61
Q

Ventral

A

Relating to the belly/abdomen, on or toward the front, anterior part of

62
Q

Volar

A

Relating to palm of the hand/sole of the foot

63
Q

Anteversion

A

Abnormal/excessive rotation forward of a structure, such as femoral anteversion

64
Q

Kyphosis

A

Increased curving of the spine outward/backward in the sagittal plane

65
Q

Lordosis

A

Increased curving of the spine inward/forward in the sagittal plane

66
Q

Recurvatum

A

Bending backwards, as in knee hyperextension

67
Q

Retroversion

A

Abnormal/excessive rotation backward of a structure
Ex. Femoral retroversion

68
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curving of the spine

69
Q

Valgus

A

Outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone/joint
Ex. Knock-knees

70
Q

Varus

A

Inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone/joint
Ex. Bowlegs

71
Q

3 cardinal planes

A
  1. Midsagittal plane
  2. Median plane
  3. Parasagittal plane
72
Q

Sagittal Plane (anterioposterior, AP plane)

A

Bisects body from front to back, dividing it into R and L symmetrical halves
Flexion and extension movements (ex. Bicep curls, knee extensions, sit-ups)

73
Q

Frontal Plane (coronal, lateral plane)

A

Bisects the body laterally from side to side, dividing into front (ventral) and back (dorsal) halves
Abduction and adduction movements (ex. Jumping jacks- shoulder and hip, spinal lateral flexion)

74
Q

Transverse Plane (axial, horizontal)

A

Divides body into superior (cephalic) and inferior (caudal) halves
Rotation movements (forearm pronation and supination and spinal rotation)

75
Q

Long bones

A

Long cylindrical shaft with relatively wide, protruding ends; serve as levers
Shaft contains medullary cavity
Ex. Phalanges, metatarsals, metacarpals, tibia, fibula, femur, radius, ulna, and humerus

76
Q

Short bones

A

Small cube-shaped, solid bones that usually have a proportionally large articulated surface in order to articulate with more than one bone
Shirt bones provide some shock absorption and include the carpals and tarsals

77
Q

Flat bones

A

Usually having a curved surface and varying from thick (where tendons attach) to very thin
Flat bones generally provide protection and include ilium, ribs, sternum, clavicle and scapula

78
Q

Irregular bones

A

Irregular-shaped bones serve a variety of purposes and include the bones throughout the entire space and the ischium, pubis and maxilla

79
Q

Sesamoid bones (accessory bones)

A

Small bones embedded within the tendon of a musculotendinous unit that provide protection as well as improve the mechanical advantage of units.
Ex. Smaller joints in the distal extremities of the foot, ankle, and hand (aren’t always symmetrical)

80
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft in long bone that is cylindrical portion of bone

81
Q

Cortex

A

Hard, dense, compact bone that forms the wall of the diaphysis

82
Q

Periosteum

A

Dense, fibrous membrane that makes up the outer surface of diaphysis

83
Q

Endosteum

A

Fibrous membrane that covers inside of the cortex

84
Q

Medullary cavity (marrow cavity)

A

Contains yellow/fatty marrow
Located between the walls of the diaphysis

85
Q

Epiphysis

A

At each end of long bone, usually enlarged and shaped specifically to join with the epiphysis of an adjacent bone at a joint

86
Q

Cancellous/trabecular bone

A

Spongy material that forms the epiphysis

87
Q

Epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

A

Thin plate of cartilage that separates the diaphysis and epiphysis during bony growth

88
Q

Articular/hyaline cartilage

A

Covers the epiphysis and provides cushioning effect and reduces friction to facilitate smooth, easy movement at joints

89
Q

Endochondral bones

A

Skeletal bones that develop from hyaline cartilage

90
Q

Process of bone development and growth

A
  • Development from embryo- hyaline cartilage masses grow rapidly into structures shaped similarly to bones they’ll become
  • growth continues and cartilage changes into long bone
  • bones continue to grow longitudinally while the epiphyseal plates are open (plates close around adolescence and disappear)
    -growth in diameter continued throughout life (internal layer of periosteum building new concentric layers on old layers)
91
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Specialized cells that form new bone

92
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Specialized cells that resorb old bone

93
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

Bone in a healthy individual will adapt to the loads under which it is placed (bone adaptation to stress)
Ex. When a bone is subjected to increased loading, the bone will remodel itself over time to become stronger and resist that type of loading

94
Q

Bone processes

A

Form joints/serve as a point of attachment for muscles, tendons, or ligaments
Ex. Elevations and projections

95
Q

Bone cavities

A

Aka depressions, include openings and grooves that contain tendons, vessels, nerves, and spaces for other structures

96
Q

Arthrosis (joints)

A

Some have no movement, some haven slightly movable, and others freely movable

97
Q

2 types of synarthrodial (immovable) joints

A

Suture and Gomphosis

98
Q

Suture

A

Synarthrodial joint found in the cranial bones

99
Q

Gomphosis

A

Synarthrodial joint found in the sockets of the teeth (conical peg fits into a socket)

100
Q

3 types of amphiarthrodial (slightly movable) joints

A

Syndesmosis, symphysis, and synchondrosis

101
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Type of joint held together by strong ligamentous structures that allow minimal movement between the bones
Ex. Coracoclavicular joint and the inferior tibiofibulae joint

102
Q

Symphysis

A

Type of joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones
Ex. Symphysis pubis and the intervertebral disks

103
Q

Synchromdrosis

A

Type of joint separated by hyaline cartilage that allows very slight movement between the bones
Ex. Costochondral joints of the ribs with the sternum

OT Physiology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions