Chap 1: Basic Elements Flashcards
Anatomy & Physiology
Anatomy = Stucture of an organisms strcture
Physiology= Study of the finction of an organism and it’s components
Basic Tissues of the Body
Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Muscular Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Sufrace covering of mucous membrane and cells that make ip the skin and lines all cavities/passageways
Lack of intercellular material
Role:
Acts as a barrier against hostile agents such as an infectious organism; prevents dehydration and fluid loss
Some epithelial tissue contain cilia
Cilia tissue have hair-like protrusions that move matter from one location to another
Connective Tissue
Supports tissue with large amounts of intercellular material or matrix
Composed of matrix
Protective functions Types: Cartilage Blood Bone
Muscuar Tissue
Specialized tissue that can be stimulized and made to contract (tighten up)
- Voluntary straited muscle
- Involuntary smooth muscle
- Cardiac muscle
Nervous Tissue
Specialized tissue whose role is communication between cells
Consist of neurons or nerve cells Functions to transfer information - from one neuron to another - from neuron to muscle - from sensory receptor to neural entities
Basic Anatomy:
Nervous Tissue
Glial cells: involved in providing nutition and support to neurons
Neurons: involved directly in information
Coronal/Frontal
Divides the body into front and back
Sagittal
Divides the body into left and right portions
Superior vs. Inferior
Superior:
Above, further from the ground
Inferior:
Below, closer to the ground
Anterior vs. Posterior
Anterior:
Front, surface of a body
Posterior:
Rear, back of body
Proximal vs. Distal
Proximal:
Closer to/ towards trunk
Distal:
Furthest/ away from trunk
Lateral vs. Central
Lateral:
Toward the side
Central:
Toward rhe middle
Ventral vs. Dorsal
Ventral:
Pertaining to the front or belly of the body
Dorsal:
Pertaing to the back of the body
Rostral vs. Caudral
Rostral:
Toward the face
Caudral:
Toward the back
Medial
Towatd the median
Body Systems
Musular, Skeletal, Respiratory, Digestive, Reproductive, and Nervous
Systems ate groups of organs that perform a specific function
Cells make up tissues —> tissues make up organs —> groups of organs operate in a systemic fashion
Organs can be part of more than one system
Systems of speech
Respiratory System:
Involves respiration
Phonatory System:
Produces voiced sound
Articulatory/ Resonatory System:
Shapes the oral cavity for production of sounds of speech
Nervous System:
Controls speech process
- speech requires the integrated actions of all 4 systems *
Muscles
Combination of contractive muscle fibers with a common function
Origin:
Point of attachment of the least mobile elements of a structure
Insertion:
Point of attachment that moves woth contraction
Morphology
The study of the internal stucture of words
Morp= form
Logy= the study of
Basic Physical Principles of Pressure
Pressure= force dostributed over area P= F/A
Boyles Law tells us tht as the volume of a container increases, the air pressure within the container decreases
This negative pressure will cause air to enter the container until the pressure is equalized
Respiration
During respiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
Oxygen helps to susurain out body’s cells
2 parts of respiration:
- Inhilation
- Expiration
The Verebral Column
33 segments
5 sections
- Cervical (7)
- Thoracic (12)
- Lumbar (5)
- Sacral (5) *fused
- Coccyx (4) *fused
Cervical Vertebrae
Posterior Portion= Spinous process
Anterior Portion= Corpus (body)
Lateral Portions= Transverse process
Vertebral Foramen= Spinal cord
passageway
Intervertebral Foramina= Spinal nerves
Articular Facets= vertebrae touch or meet each other
Vertebrae are separated by intervertebral disc (cushion)
Cervicle Vertebrae:
C1/C2
C1= Atlas
-Superior articulaion with the skull, supports the skull
C2= Axis
-Provides oivot for the skull
C2 firs in C1 ( like a lock and key)= adentoid process
