Chap 1: Basic Elements

Question 1

Anatomy & Physiology

Answer 1

Anatomy = Stucture of an organisms strcture

Physiology= Study of the finction of an organism and it’s components

Question 2

Basic Tissues of the Body

Answer 2

Epithelial Tissue

Connective Tissue

Muscular Tissue

Nervous Tissue

Question 3

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 3

Sufrace covering of mucous membrane and cells that make ip the skin and lines all cavities/passageways

Lack of intercellular material

Role:
Acts as a barrier against hostile agents such as an infectious organism; prevents dehydration and fluid loss

Some epithelial tissue contain cilia
Cilia tissue have hair-like protrusions that move matter from one location to another

Question 4

Connective Tissue

Answer 4

Supports tissue with large amounts of intercellular material or matrix

Composed of matrix

Protective functions
Types:
Cartilage
Blood 
Bone

Question 5

Muscuar Tissue

Answer 5

Specialized tissue that can be stimulized and made to contract (tighten up)

• Voluntary straited muscle
• Involuntary smooth muscle
• Cardiac muscle

Question 6

Nervous Tissue

Answer 6

Specialized tissue whose role is communication between cells

Consist of neurons or nerve cells
Functions  to transfer information
- from one neuron to another
- from neuron to muscle
- from sensory receptor to neural   entities

Question 7

Basic Anatomy:

Nervous Tissue

Answer 7

Glial cells: involved in providing nutition and support to neurons

Neurons: involved directly in information

Question 8

Coronal/Frontal

Answer 8

Divides the body into front and back

Question 9

Sagittal

Answer 9

Divides the body into left and right portions

Question 10

Superior vs. Inferior

Answer 10

Superior:
Above, further from the ground

Inferior:
Below, closer to the ground

Question 11

Anterior vs. Posterior

Answer 11

Anterior:
Front, surface of a body

Posterior:
Rear, back of body

Question 12

Proximal vs. Distal

Answer 12

Proximal:
Closer to/ towards trunk

Distal:
Furthest/ away from trunk

Question 13

Lateral vs. Central

Answer 13

Lateral:
Toward the side

Central:
Toward rhe middle

Question 14

Ventral vs. Dorsal

Answer 14

Ventral:
Pertaining to the front or belly of the body

Dorsal:
Pertaing to the back of the body

Question 15

Rostral vs. Caudral

Answer 15

Rostral:
Toward the face

Caudral:
Toward the back

Question 16

Medial

Answer 16

Towatd the median

Question 17

Body Systems

Answer 17

Musular, Skeletal, Respiratory, Digestive, Reproductive, and Nervous

Systems ate groups of organs that perform a specific function

Cells make up tissues —> tissues make up organs —> groups of organs operate in a systemic fashion

Organs can be part of more than one system

Question 18

Systems of speech

Answer 18

Respiratory System:
Involves respiration

Phonatory System:
Produces voiced sound

Articulatory/ Resonatory System:
Shapes the oral cavity for production of sounds of speech

Nervous System:
Controls speech process

• speech requires the integrated actions of all 4 systems *

Question 19

Muscles

Answer 19

Combination of contractive muscle fibers with a common function

Origin:
Point of attachment of the least mobile elements of a structure

Insertion:
Point of attachment that moves woth contraction

Question 20

Morphology

Answer 20

The study of the internal stucture of words

Morp= form

Logy= the study of

Question 21

Basic Physical Principles of Pressure

Answer 21

Pressure= force dostributed over area 
P= F/A

Boyles Law tells us tht as the volume of a container increases, the air pressure within the container decreases

This negative pressure will cause air to enter the container until the pressure is equalized

Question 22

Respiration

Answer 22

During respiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

Oxygen helps to susurain out body’s cells

2 parts of respiration:

• Inhilation
• Expiration

Question 23

The Verebral Column

Answer 23

33 segments
5 sections

• Cervical (7)
• Thoracic (12)
• Lumbar (5)
• Sacral (5) *fused
• Coccyx (4) *fused

Question 24

Cervical Vertebrae

Answer 24

Posterior Portion= Spinous process
Anterior Portion= Corpus (body)

Lateral Portions= Transverse process

Vertebral Foramen= Spinal cord
passageway

Intervertebral Foramina= Spinal nerves

Articular Facets= vertebrae touch or meet each other

Vertebrae are separated by intervertebral disc (cushion)

Question 25

Cervicle Vertebrae:

C1/C2

Answer 25

C1= Atlas
-Superior articulaion with the skull, supports the skull

C2= Axis
-Provides oivot for the skull

C2 firs in C1 ( like a lock and key)= adentoid process