Chap. 1 and 2

Question 1

Black Death

Answer 1

The disease that decimated Europe in 1347 and killed around a third of the population. Soon after, the population rebounded and kept growing, leading to Europeans, mainly the British, to look for new land.

Question 2

Christopher Columbus

Answer 2

Italian explorer who believed that a direct sea route toward Asia. In order to go on this voyage, he looked toward Spain, namely Queen Isabella, for funding. He landed on the Caribbean coast at San Salvador but believed it to be East Asia. Believed himself to be divinely inspired, his mission being that of spreading the gospel to those in East Asia.

Question 3

Conquistadors

Answer 3

Considering the New World as a possible source of wealth, these military leaders sought to conquer the native empires in order to take silver and gold. In doing so, they unintentionally exposed natives to smallpox.

Question 4

Encomienda

Answer 4

Licenses to exact labor and tribute from natives in specific areas.

Question 5

Henry Hudson

Answer 5

Sailed up the river that was to be named for him in what is now New York. Because the river was so wide, he thought he had found the land passage through the continent and to the Pacific Ocean. He was one of the first Dutch in America.

Question 6

Jamestown

Answer 6

Originally supposed to be a place where British explorers looked for riches like they had heard in Central and South America, but there ended up being none. The first enduring English settlement in the New World.

Question 7

Mercantilism

Answer 7

The assumption that the nation as a whole was the principal actor in the economy. As well as this, it assumed that the world had a limited amount of wealth, and nations could only gain wealth at the expense of others.

Question 8

Meso-Americans

Answer 8

The people of what is now Mexico and much of Central America.

Question 9

Mestizos

Answer 9

People of mixed race that were the result of Intermarriage between Spanish Whites and Native Indians.

Question 10

Protestant Reformation

Answer 10

Reformation within the Church led by Martin Luther that openly challenged some beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church

Question 11

Puritans

Answer 11

The group that wanted to “purify” the church with their radical reforms. This group was also separatist, which went against English Law.

Question 12

Roanoke

Answer 12

Island in North Carolina where Sir Walter Raleigh settled his colonists on. Here, the colonists antagonized neighboring Indians and did not learn much about survival. The first time around, colonists did not receive enough supplies from England and they eventually left Roanoke. The second time around, John White helped take the colonists to Roanoke, and soon left to find additional settlers and supplies. Due to hostilities with Spain, he was not able to return for 3 years. When he returned, everyone was gone.

Question 13

Separatists

Answer 13

Group of Christians that were determined to worship as they pleased, mainly in their own congregations. This defied English Law, which outlawed unauthorized religious meetings and required people to attend regular Anglican services.

Question 14

Sir Walter Raleigh

Answer 14

Pioneer of English colonization that helped start the colony of Roanoke, which ended his involvement in colonization.

Question 15

Tenochtitlan

Answer 15

City where the Aztec, or Mexica, established their capital upon a lake near present day Mexico City. This city was by far the greatest city ever created in the Americas, and contained large amounts of silver and gold.

Question 16

Aztecs

Answer 16

Central American (Mexico) native group that established large cities within their empire. This group is known as the Mexica, and is also known for their practice of human sacrifice.

Question 17

Maya

Answer 17

Central and South American native group that established their Empire in Central America. This group is known for their technological advancements, such as calendars, math systems, and agricultural systems.

Question 18

Inca

Answer 18

Peruvian native group that create the largest empire in the Americas. This group is known for their vast roads that stretched across their empire and facilitated communication and trade.

Question 19

“Act Concerning Religion”

Answer 19

Act that assured freedom of worship to all Christians, issued by Liam Calvert.

Question 20

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 20

Massechussetts woman who argued that those who were in the clergy did not deserve to have a religious office. She also challenged ideas about the proper role of women in Puritan society. This led her to be banished from her society for not being fit.

Question 21

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 21

Rebellion that started when Bacon and his followers, which were landless peasants, were impatient with the government’s cautious response to Indian raids and they decided to strike back. This caused Bacon to be removed from the government, which angered him. He lead the rebellion to Jamestown twice, and the second time he burned the city and drove the governor into exile. He suddenly died of dysentery after.

Question 22

Dominion of New England

Answer 22

In an attempt by Charles II and James II to gain more control over the colonies, they eliminated the governments of the colonies of the New World. After doing so, they appointed governors to supervise the colonies. As well as this, the navigation acts were strongly enforced.

Question 23

Glorious Revolution

Answer 23

Once James II had declared that his one son would he raised as a Catholic, his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange established an army in the Netherlands and came to England. James II offered no resistance and fled to France, which meant that there was no blood spilled in the coup. In the colonies, once they had realized James II was no longer in power, they overthrew the appointed governors and ended the Dominion of England.

Question 24

Headright

Answer 24

Fifty acre grants of land that encouraged settlers to settle in colonies and also pay for the passage of other immigrants.

Question 25

House of Burgesses

Answer 25

First popularly elected legislative body in the New World, located in Jamestown, Virginia

Question 26

James Oglethorpe

Answer 26

General who founded the colony of Georgia due to his military vision of Georgia being a buffer between the Spanish colony of Florida and South Carolina, as well as to provide a place for the impoverished to stay. He limited the size of land holdings, he outlawed Africans and the use of slaves, and he regulated trade with the Indians to limit the possibility of raids and insurrection.

Question 27

John Smith

Answer 27

Famous world traveler who was a strong leader that arrived at Jamestown in a time of need. He became the council president and during the next winter, fewer than a dozen died. John Smith also helped the Puritans land on Plymouth Rock.

Question 28

John Winthrop

Answer 28

Affluent, university educated man who led the largest single migration in the 17th century, taking 17 ships including 1,000 people to Massachusetts. He dominated colonial politics, and with the Puritans, he believed that he was creating a colony that would serve as an example for other christian colonies.

Question 29

King Philip’s War

Answer 29

The longest and bloodiest war between the Whites and Indians that began in 1675. The Indians were led by King Phillip, or Metacomet, and the war was started due to Metacomet’s distrust . Metacomet was convinced that the only solution to stopping English incursions onto their land was armed resistance, so he forged alliances with neighboring tribes. Indians, for three years, attacked Massachusetts towns with weapons and destroyed twenty of them.

Question 30

Plymouth

Answer 30

Area in which the Puritan Pilgrims landed, near Cape Cod. John Smith had named this area after the port that they had sailed out of, which was also Plymouth. They had very different experiences with the natives than other colonies, because the natives had been wiped out by diseases and needed to cooperate with the colonists to survive.

Question 31

Quakers

Answer 31

People that followed the preachings of George Fox who were named after their teaching to “tremble at the name of the Lord”. They believed that they had an inner light within themselves that they had to cultivate to attain salvation

Question 32

Roger Williams

Answer 32

Separatist who believed that Massachusetts should separate from the Church of England. He also called for the separation of the Church and State. After he was exiled, he took refuge with the Narragansett, and through the purchase of land, he created the town of Providence, Rhode Island.

Question 33

Theocracy

Answer 33

When the Church has a strong control and influence over the government, guiding its laws and allocating its taxes towards the Church.

Question 34

William Bradford

Answer 34

The essential governor of Plymouth Plantation that later was able to persuade the Council of New England to allow the settlers to stay at plymouth

Question 35

William Penn

Answer 35

Quaker who inherited his father’s claim to a debt that Charles II owed him. Due to a shortage of Cash, Charles II gave him a very large land grant, which he named Pennsylvania. He was very kind towards the Indians, and reimbursed them for their land and made sure they stayed away from alcohol.