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Intro to western Civilization exam 1 > chap 1 > Flashcards

chap 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How long have Hominids been around?

A

About 4 million years

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2
Q

Who were the first hominids?

A

Australopithecines

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3
Q

When Australopithecines first appeared?

A

about 4 million years ago

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4
Q

How Australopithecines manipulated objects?

A

with their hands

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5
Q

How Australopithecines survived?

A

Relied on hunting and eating wild fruits

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6
Q

What was Australopithecine’s lifestyle?

A

Nomadic

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7
Q

When did Homo erectus appear?

A

1.5 million years ago

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8
Q

How did the homo erectus walk?

A

in upright position

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9
Q

What improvement did homo erectus did?

A

controlled fire

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10
Q

what improvement in migration did homo erectus do?

A

moved out of African continent

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11
Q

When did homo sapiens appear?

A

200 000 years ago

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12
Q

what are the 2 kinds of homo sapiens?

A

Neanderthal and homo sapiens sapiens

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13
Q

when did neanderthals went instinct and why?

A

between 40 000 and 30 000 years ago , the less numerous neanderthals were outnumbered and absorbed by homo sapiens sapiens through breeding

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14
Q

give characteristics of Neanderthals.

A

small, not really intelligent, muscular, reproduce quick, live in small groups

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15
Q

lifestyle of homo sapiens sapiens

A

nomadic

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16
Q

when did homo sapiens sapiens come to america?

A

about 15 000 years ago when they crossed the Bering Strait

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17
Q

When was paleolithic era?

A

c. 2 500 000 to 10 000 BCE

18
Q

how did nomads live in Paleolithic era?

A

in groups of about 25 ppl, hunted big animals, gathered fruits and berries, devlopped religious beliefs.

19
Q

When was the Neolithic era?

A

10 000 to 4000 BCE

20
Q

what revolution did happen in neolithic era

A

transition from food-collectors to food-producers, transition from nomadic to sedentary lifestyle

21
Q

What evolution happened in neolithic era?

A

molding metal tools and weapons

22
Q

what invention was created in 3000 BCE?

A

the writing systems

23
Q

What were the 2 societies that invented the writing systems?

A

Ancient Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt

24
Q

Where is Mesopotamia (present-day)

A

Iraq, Iran and Syria

25
Q

What is Mesopotamia known as?

A

the cradle of civilization

26
Q

Between which rivers was Mesopotamia located?

A

Between Tigris & Euphrates rivers

27
Q

Sumerians (engineers) what did they do?

A

Built irrigation systems, water reservoirs

28
Q

Sumerians (inventors) what did they do?

A

Saw, hammers, glue, jewlery, CUNEIFORM

29
Q

Sumerians (writing system)

A

invented pictographic writing called cuneiform,

30
Q

Sumerians (occupations)

A

90% of pop worked in agriculture, other 10% were gov. officials, merchants, artisans, there were also slaves

31
Q

Sumerians (trade)

A

traded between diff. Sumerian city-states, invented wheel to facilitate transport,

32
Q

Sumerian (religion)

A

Polytheistic, feared gods du to floading of rivers, thought gods were angry, ceremonies (animal sacrifices/ Ziggurats),

33
Q

Sumerian (political organization)

A

not a unified kingdom, lived in city-states of about 15 000 inhabitants, fought each other frequently, inabillity to unite made them vulnerable to foreing invaders

34
Q

The akkadians

A

challenged sumerian control around 2340 BCE, led by sagron of akkad, between 2100 and 2000 BCE sumerian city-states regained independence but continued to fight amongst themselves

35
Q

The amorites

A

dominated the sumerians starting c. 1800 BCE, well-organized army, solid bronze weapons, brilliant leader names Hammurabi

36
Q

The code of Hammurabi

A

unified Mesopotamia through the rule of law, one of oldest law codes, contains 282 laws (281, no law 13) written on 8 foot high black stone, famous idea “eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth”

37
Q

According to a legend, who unified Ancient Egypt in 3000 BCE?

A

Narmer, also called Menes, he was the first Pharaoh who ruled both lower and upper egypt.

38
Q

Describe what was a Pharaoh

A

ruler in ancient Egypt, Considered a living god who maintained order and harmony, A source of life

39
Q

Ancient Egypt

What are the similarities between Ancient Egypt and Ancient Mesopotamia

A

Mostly agricultural, Egyptians depended on floods to obtain water for themselves and their fields, Polytheistic religious beliefs, invented writing system (hieroglyphs)

40
Q

Ancient Egypt

What are the differences between Ancient Egypt and Ancient Mesopotamia

A

More rural (less large cities), lived in small farming hamlets near nile river, did not fear flooding (they saw it as a blessing from their gods), Nile facilitated transportation of goods (no invention of wheel), less vulnerable to invasions,

Intro to western Civilization exam 1 (1 decks)

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