chap 1

Question 1

How long have Hominids been around?

Answer 1

About 4 million years

Question 2

Who were the first hominids?

Answer 2

Australopithecines

Question 3

When Australopithecines first appeared?

Answer 3

about 4 million years ago

Question 4

How Australopithecines manipulated objects?

Answer 4

with their hands

Question 5

How Australopithecines survived?

Answer 5

Relied on hunting and eating wild fruits

Question 6

What was Australopithecine’s lifestyle?

Answer 6

Nomadic

Question 7

When did Homo erectus appear?

Answer 7

1.5 million years ago

Question 8

How did the homo erectus walk?

Answer 8

in upright position

Question 9

What improvement did homo erectus did?

Answer 9

controlled fire

Question 10

what improvement in migration did homo erectus do?

Answer 10

moved out of African continent

Question 11

When did homo sapiens appear?

Answer 11

200 000 years ago

Question 12

what are the 2 kinds of homo sapiens?

Answer 12

Neanderthal and homo sapiens sapiens

Question 13

when did neanderthals went instinct and why?

Answer 13

between 40 000 and 30 000 years ago , the less numerous neanderthals were outnumbered and absorbed by homo sapiens sapiens through breeding

Question 14

give characteristics of Neanderthals.

Answer 14

small, not really intelligent, muscular, reproduce quick, live in small groups

Question 15

lifestyle of homo sapiens sapiens

Answer 15

nomadic

Question 16

when did homo sapiens sapiens come to america?

Answer 16

about 15 000 years ago when they crossed the Bering Strait

Question 17

When was paleolithic era?

Answer 17

c. 2 500 000 to 10 000 BCE

Question 18

how did nomads live in Paleolithic era?

Answer 18

in groups of about 25 ppl, hunted big animals, gathered fruits and berries, devlopped religious beliefs.

Question 19

When was the Neolithic era?

Answer 19

10 000 to 4000 BCE

Question 20

what revolution did happen in neolithic era

Answer 20

transition from food-collectors to food-producers, transition from nomadic to sedentary lifestyle

Question 21

What evolution happened in neolithic era?

Answer 21

molding metal tools and weapons

Question 22

what invention was created in 3000 BCE?

Answer 22

the writing systems

Question 23

What were the 2 societies that invented the writing systems?

Answer 23

Ancient Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt

Question 24

Where is Mesopotamia (present-day)

Answer 24

Iraq, Iran and Syria

Question 25

What is Mesopotamia known as?

Answer 25

the cradle of civilization

Question 26

Between which rivers was Mesopotamia located?

Answer 26

Between Tigris & Euphrates rivers

Question 27

Sumerians (engineers) what did they do?

Answer 27

Built irrigation systems, water reservoirs

Question 28

Sumerians (inventors) what did they do?

Answer 28

Saw, hammers, glue, jewlery, CUNEIFORM

Question 29

Sumerians (writing system)

Answer 29

invented pictographic writing called cuneiform,

Question 30

Sumerians (occupations)

Answer 30

90% of pop worked in agriculture, other 10% were gov. officials, merchants, artisans, there were also slaves

Question 31

Sumerians (trade)

Answer 31

traded between diff. Sumerian city-states, invented wheel to facilitate transport,

Question 32

Sumerian (religion)

Answer 32

Polytheistic, feared gods du to floading of rivers, thought gods were angry, ceremonies (animal sacrifices/ Ziggurats),

Question 33

Sumerian (political organization)

Answer 33

not a unified kingdom, lived in city-states of about 15 000 inhabitants, fought each other frequently, inabillity to unite made them vulnerable to foreing invaders

Question 34

The akkadians

Answer 34

challenged sumerian control around 2340 BCE, led by sagron of akkad, between 2100 and 2000 BCE sumerian city-states regained independence but continued to fight amongst themselves

Question 35

The amorites

Answer 35

dominated the sumerians starting c. 1800 BCE, well-organized army, solid bronze weapons, brilliant leader names Hammurabi

Question 36

The code of Hammurabi

Answer 36

unified Mesopotamia through the rule of law, one of oldest law codes, contains 282 laws (281, no law 13) written on 8 foot high black stone, famous idea "eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth"

Question 37

According to a legend, who unified Ancient Egypt in 3000 BCE?

Answer 37

Narmer, also called Menes, he was the first Pharaoh who ruled both lower and upper egypt.

Question 38

Describe what was a Pharaoh

Answer 38

ruler in ancient Egypt, Considered a living god who maintained order and harmony, A source of life

Question 39

Ancient Egypt | What are the similarities between Ancient Egypt and Ancient Mesopotamia

Answer 39

Mostly agricultural, Egyptians depended on floods to obtain water for themselves and their fields, Polytheistic religious beliefs, invented writing system (hieroglyphs)

Question 40

Ancient Egypt | What are the differences between Ancient Egypt and Ancient Mesopotamia

Answer 40

More rural (less large cities), lived in small farming hamlets near nile river, did not fear flooding (they saw it as a blessing from their gods), Nile facilitated transportation of goods (no invention of wheel), less vulnerable to invasions,