chap 1

Question 1

What is psychology?

Answer 1

The scientific study of the mind and behavior science.

Question 2

What is the difference between biological, social and psychological ?

Answer 2

Biological: molecules and brain structures
Social: relating to other people/ personal relationships
Psychological: thoughts, feelings and emotions

Question 3

What are the 5 mains challenges?

Answer 3

1. Human behavior is difficult to predict
2. Psychological influences are rarely independent
3. Uniqueness
4. People influence each other
5. Behavior is shaped by culture

Question 4

Science is…?

Answer 4

not a body of knowledge, rather an approach to evidence, based on disproving not proving

Question 5

Scientific theory

Answer 5

an explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world

Question 6

Hypothese

Answer 6

testable prediction

Question 7

Confirmation bias

Answer 7

tendency to seek evidence that supports our beliefs (tunnel vision) seeing what we want to see

Question 8

Belief perserverance

Answer 8

stick to our initial belief even when evidence contradicts them

Question 9

Psychological pseudoscience

Answer 9

impostor of science, set of claims that seem scientific but aren’t

Question 10

Why are we drawn to pseudoscience

Answer 10

our brains are predisposed to to make order out of disorder

Question 11

apophenia

Answer 11

tendency to perceive meaningful connections with unrelated phenomenons

Question 12

Pareidolia

Answer 12

seeing meaningful images in meaningless visual stimuli

Question 13

Emotional reasoning fallacy

Answer 13

using our emotions as guides to validate a claim

Question 14

Bandwagon fallacy

Answer 14

assuming a claim is correct because lots of people believe it

Question 15

Not me fallacy

Answer 15

believing we are immune from the errors in thinking that affect other people (unaware of own biases but can clearly pint out others biases= bias blind spot)

Question 16

scientific skepticism

Answer 16

keeps an open mind, evaluate all claims with the need for persuasive evidence before accepting them

Question 17

Six principles of critical thinking

Answer 17

1. Ruling out rival hypotheses
2. Correlation vs causation
3. Falsifiability
4. Replicability
5. Extraordinary claims
6. Occam’s razor

Question 18

Ruling out hypotheses

Answer 18

having important alternative explanations for the findings other then the ones being stated

Question 19

Correlation vs causation

Answer 19

a correlation between two things doesn’t mean there is a casual connection between them
A-B
B-A
C-A and B

Question 20

Falsifiability

Answer 20

capable of being dis-proven

Question 21

Replicability

Answer 21

a studies findings can be duplicated consistently

Question 22

Extraordinary claims

Answer 22

is the evidence as strong as the claim

Question 23

Occam’s razor

Answer 23

if two explanations account equally for a phenomenon we should usually pick the simpler explanation,
KISS- Keep It Simple Stupid

Question 24

5 primary schools of thought that have shape modern psychology

Answer 24

1. Structuralism
2. Functionalism
3. Behaviorism
4. Cognitivism
5. Psychoanalysis

Question 25

Structuralism

Answer 25

systemic observations, structures

Question 26

Functionalism

Answer 26

understand the purpose of our thoughts, feelings and behaviors

Question 27

Behaviorism

Answer 27

observable behavior

Question 28

Cognitivism

Answer 28

thinking affects our behavior

Question 29

psychoanalysis

Answer 29

internal psychological processes, impulses, memories and thoughts that we are unaware of